Knowledge, attitudes and practices of poultry farmers in Wakiso District towards black soldier fly larvae farming

Abstract

In Uganda, the poultry sector is facing mounting challenges due to the high costs and limited availability of conventional protein ingredients such as fishmeal. Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae (Hermetia illucens), with their high crude protein content, have been identified as a viable alternative protein source for poultry feed. This study sought to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of poultry farmers towards BSF larvae farming, constraints and factors limiting BSF farming in Wakiso District. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data was collected from 80 poultry farmers using a pre- tested semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics, Spearman rank correlation to assess relationships among KAP variables and demographic/institutional factors. Results revealed that 58.8% of the respondents demonstrated a high level of knowledge about BSF farming, including aspects about BSF appearance, feeding behavior, and the nutritional benefits of larvae in poultry diets. Higher education levels and larger farm sizes were significantly associated with greater knowledge. 47.5% of respondents exhibited a positive attitude toward BSF farming. Male farmers and those with lower education levels showed more favorable attitudes. 51% of the farmers reported frequently applying good BSF farming techniques, including waste management through larvae rearing and the use of BSFL in poultry feed. Despite high knowledge levels, correlations between knowledge, attitudes, and practices were found to be weak or insignificant. This suggests that knowledge alone is insufficient to change behavior without addressing broader contextual and structural challenges. Farmers faced challenges, including a lack of a stable market for BSF products, insufficient feed, negative public perceptions of insect farming, a shortage of start-up capital, inadequate rearing materials, and poor storage facilities. Others included lack of institutional support, limited access to credit, and absence of government policy. Policy frameworks, access to affordable credit, market development, and practical training programs will be essential to scaling BSF as a sustainable protein source in Uganda’s poultry industry. The study recommends that government agencies prioritize awareness campaigns, capacity building, and the creation of an enabling environment for BSF farming.

Keywords: Poultry farmers, Fly larvae farming