Evaluating the implementation of gender-sensitive customary land registration in Olwelai Parish, Katine Subcounty, Soroti District

Abstract

Gender-sensitive customary land registration among households is the pressing issue in land administration in Uganda. The critical problem of gender-sensitive land registration among household impacts the growth and economic development in Soroti District. This study examined current registration approaches, socio-cultural and institutional influences, implementation challenges, and strategies for improving gender inclusivity. A mixed-methods approach was used, involving household surveys and a survey of members of the Area Land Committee and District Land Board. Additionally, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with stakeholders including GIZ-RELAPU project beneficiaries, civil society organizations, representatives from the Iteso Cultural Institution, and district land officials. Quantitative data were statistically analyzed, while qualitative findings were thematically assessed to explore patterns of gender inclusion in land registration. Findings show that Certificates of Customary Ownership (CCOs) are the most widely adopted formal mechanism, supported by culturally rooted practices like traditional boundary marking and community-based mapping. However, digital registration tools faced challenges in adoption. The study identified several barriers to gender-sensitive registration: socially, patriarchal norms, polygamy and cohabitation limit women’s land rights; economically, high registration costs and financial dependency reduce participation; culturally, inheritance practices favoring men remain prevalent, though awareness campaigns have begun to shift attitudes. Institutionally, implementation gaps and low awareness further weaken gender equity. Key challenges include Lack of legal awareness, literacy levels, corruption, bureaucratic delays, and resistance from male family members, all of which disproportionately affect women. To overcome these barriers, the study recommends increased community sensitization, fee reductions, and mandatory joint spousal registration to improve both access and legitimacy of women’s land rights under customary tenure. In conclusion, while Uganda’s legal frameworks are progressive, actual implementation remains constrained by socio-cultural, economic, and institutional limitations. A hybrid approach merging formal legal systems with culturally sensitive community engagement while adopting minimum technological advancements is essential for achieving equitable land registration for all. Policy recommendations include simplifying registration procedures, promoting legal literacy, and enhancing coordination among stakeholders. This research informs policy discussions on gender-inclusive land registration and contributes to the realization of Uganda’s National Land Policy (2013), Sustainable Development Goals (1, 2, and 5), and international frameworks such as CEDAW. It emphasizes the need for systemic reform to bridge the gap between customary norms and statutory protections in rural Uganda. Keywords: Customary land registration, gender-sensitive, Soroti District, Uganda, women’s land rights.