Academic submissions (CEDAT)

Permanent URI for this collection

http://10.29.1.53:4000/handle/10570/4085

Browse

Browsing Academic submissions (CEDAT) by Title

  • Item
    Assessment of the application of sustainability principles on bridge construction projects in Uganda: A case study of Nyawa Bridge
    (Makerere University, 2018-06-18) Owori, Wilbrod Milwen
    ABSTRACT This report provides an assessment of the construction of Nyawa Bridge project, in terms of its sustainability performance. It presents the principles of sustainability, the general construction and implementation of Nyawa Bridge and project management practices that the author participated in as the Contractor’s Assistant project manager (Project Site Manager) during the construction of Nyawa Bridge. Also it presents a subjective assessment of the application of sustainability principles on Nyawa Bridge Project phases. Chapter one presents the background to the project, the project site location, the problem statement, study justification, study objectives, the scope of assessment and the author’s involvement. Chapter two reviews literature on current existing sustainability principles and practices on sustainable construction in general and on sustainable bridge construction in particular. Chapter three presents project implementation and construction methodologies, activities and contract administration procedures under taken at various phases of the project life cycle. It also presents the different project management practices employed to solve project challenges of scope, cost, quality, time and procurement. Chapter four presents a subjective assessment of the application of sustainability principles at the different phases of the project life cycle. Chapter five presents the report summary, conclusion and recommendations. The study established that bridge projects in Uganda are initiated with sustainability intentions in mind, and they are implemented through the initial phases of the project life cycle through to design phase. The study though identifies a non-transferability of these sustainability requirements into the construction process and with little strategies to attain a more sustainable bridge construction process in the short term. The study therefore identifies the challenges and recommends strategies towards improved performance on sustainable bridge construction.
  • Item
    Assessment of the performance of a pilot scale decentralized faecal sludge treatment and re-use based system in peri-urban Kampala
    Otaka, George
    A pilot decentralized faecal sludge treatment system (DEFASTS) for the treatment of faecal sludge was constructed for the purpose of assessing the performance and evaluating the potential benefits of the treatment system. The system consisted of a sedimentation tank of capacity 2 m3, in which the liquid overflow passed sequentially through a two-chambered anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and two-chambered anaerobic filter (AF). Effluent polishing was achieved through a Cyperus papyrus planted gravel filter. The system mimicked DEWATS, which were designed, piloted and are being scaled up in different parts of the world by the Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association (BORDA). During the study period of 10 months (June 2014 to July 2015), the system was loaded daily with 0.5m3/day of mixed raw faecal sludge from both septic tanks and pit latrines (lined and not lined) and operated with a total retention time of 12.5 days. The following parameters (of influent and effluent) were measured: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), five-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), pH, temperature, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), faecal coliforms (FC), total volatile solids (TVS), ash content, calorific value and biogas yield was estimated. The average percentage removals with standard deviations of COD, BOD5, TSS, TN, TP, and FC by DEFASTS were 88.3±24 %, 88.1±1.9%, 97.7±1.8%, 98± 24.2%, 74±29.8% and 99 ±1.6% respectively. With the exception of FC, the mean values of the rest of the effluent concentrations exceeded the Ugandan effluent discharge standards. The biogas yield ranged between 0.1 and 11.5 (M3/day). The average calorific value of FS was 8.9±1.9 MJ/KgTS. The study demonstrated enough evidence to show satisfactory performance of DEFASTS for the removal of organic, nutrients and pathogens from FS in peri-urban areas. The methane from biogas can be used as fuel and the remaining biosolids are potential raw materials for organic fertilizer. Furthermore, the reclaimed waste water can be further investigated for irrigation use. Finally, pellets made from the dewatered and stabilized FS can be used as soil conditioner/organic fertilizer. These results can support the development and scaling up of DEFASTS for institutions, small towns and peri-urban areas of big towns for sustainable faecal sludge management.
  • Item
    A comparison of design and actual traffic levels and its likely impact on the pavement premature failure : case study of Gulu – Atiak – Nimule Highway
    (Makerere University, 2024) Komakech, Henry
    The Gulu-Atiak-Nimule highway was constructed and completed to a flexible pavement standard in the year 2015 and opened to traffic that traverses this highway from mainly Kenya, Tanzania via Uganda to South Sudan. The anticipated increase in traffic volumes and especially heavy axle load trucks might have brought the road pavement to a premature failure. The road is currently short of its structural capacity, highly distressed and showing signs of failure. This is affecting the flow of traffic and increasing operational costs coupled with the fact that a number of accidents have been reported resulting from a number of distresses such as potholes, cracks, edge shoulder drops, rutting, ravelling, and failed sections of the road. This research study involved carrying out traffic surveys, axle load surveys and road condition assessment surveys. The traffic surveys involved manual classified seven consecutive day count for 12 hours and 24 hours. The 24-hour count was carried out for 2 days, with 1 day within the week and 1 other day within the weekend. The axle load survey was done at the fixed weighbridge at Elegu near the South Sudan boarder. The condition assessment was undertaken using the ASTM D6433 method that involved visual inspections and recording of distresses observed on the pavement surface and qualifying them. Results from the study indicated that the current Average Daily Traffic (ADT) and Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) are 2604 and 2939 Vehicles per day respectively. Heavy traffic alone consisting of mainly truck trailers and semi-trailers constituted 29% of the total traffic volume. The Cumulative Equivalent Million Standard Axle for the year 2024 was calculated and obtained as 1.285million ESA which is a T3 Traffic Design Class. The comparison of these volumes to that considered at design reflected a traffic growth rate of 14% and yet that at design, the growth rate was taken at 6% per year for the first 10years. The axle load survey results indicated that the average weigh of heavy traffic was 43.025tons and this generated a damaging factor to the pavement of 2.973. The pavement condition evaluation carried out, indicated that the Pavement Condition Index and International Roughness Index for the Gulu–Ataik sectional link was 38 and 4.0m/km respectively; while that of Ataik –Nimule section registered PCI and IRI of 64 and 3.5m/Km respectively. This study has revealed that the current traffic volume is high totalling to 2604vpd, with 29% of this being attributed to heavy traffic and therefore increased million standard axles. The section from Gulu–Ataik was in a poor condition and hence required rehabilitation to further extend the pavement life; while that of Atiak-Nimule was in a fair to good condition and required routine maintenance.
  • Item
    Construction and distribution of fresh water supply system at Kazinga
    ( 2018-07-22) Kusemererwa, Stephen
    I have completed a four months period of training at Kyegegwa District Local Government. Water department is a section in the works and technical services sector that is responsible for planning, design and development of water and sanitation infrastructure. The major activities executed in the department included making reviews in designs for new water supply projects, construction of new water supply facilities, construction of latrines in Rural Growth Centers, operation and maintenance of water and sanitation facilities, sensitizations, and promotion of sanitation and hygiene. All works were tendered to Companies called Ms. Mast logistics and Gash Consultancy Services for construction and distribution of fresh water. The Major projects are tendered to the private sector and therefore the water department does only supervisory role to ensure that the projects are in a cost effective manner and that are constructed according to the specifications laid down in the Bid Documents. The most important outcome from training in Kyegegwa District Local Government, Water Department is acquiring many new practical skills of various types and developing some of my existing skills. I think these skills are very valuable since they can signify an impact in solving problems.
  • Item
    Construction of 22 No. public toilets in Kawempe Division: Kawempe Sanitation Improvement Project (KSIP)
    ( 2018-11-09) Ambrose, Mbyemeire
    This project report entails the construction methodology used and aspects of construction project management practice exercised by the author while part of the construction team during improvement of water supply and sanitation services of the Urban Poor in Kampala through National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC). It further details contract administration during execution stage and the application of project management knowledge areas during project implementation. The knowledge areas discussed at length include cost, quality, and time and communication management. The construction methodology adopted by the contractor at every stage of the works has also been discussed at length in this report. The project involved construction of toilet facilities that range from three stances to six stances and each facility had provisions for shower rooms. Construction projects involve a diversity of skills that comes from the diversity of professions, specialists and suppliers that are involved in the process from inception to end. Successful implementation of a project can only be achieved with good project management practices in place. Failure to have proper project management monitoring and control systems can easily result in poor relationships, disputes and cost overruns on a project.
  • Item
    The construction of aftersales support centre for Toyota at Namanve, Mukono
    ( 2018-04-30) Walakira, Alex
    This report details all Construction activities and Project management practices that the author participated in as the Contractor’s Assistant Project Manager and Quantity Surveyor during the construction of an Aftersales Support Centre for TOYOTA (U) Ltd at Namanve Industrial Park, Mukono. Chapter One; entails an introduction of the project, briefly describing the background of the project, the scope, the funders, the consultants and stakeholders. The project was a 2 storey Aftersales Support Centre, constructed for TOYOTA (U) Ltd, the authorized distributor and service station for TOYOTA in Uganda. It also states the author’s involvement from Site handover to completion. Chapter Two; focuses on the construction methodologies, activities and contract administration procedures undertaken during the execution stage of the project. The tools and techniques used during the actual construction work are discussed in this chapter, right from site preparation, through the finishes, up to completion. Chapter Three; discusses the project management practices used during implementation and administration of this contract. The different project management knowledge areas are explored in the context of the project, with particular emphasis accorded to scope, time, cost and quality. Chapter Four; gives a general conclusion on the project, what hindrances were faced, how they were mitigated, and discusses some recommendations on what would have been done differently to improve the general success of the project.
  • Item
    Construction of the Basoga Nsadhu Memorial Technical Institute, Namutumba
    (Makerere University, 2018-04) Ssesanga, Stanley
    Basoga Nsadhu memorial technical institute is one of the nine vocational technical institutes that were set up in the different regions of Uganda. These institutions were set up to rekindle the knowledge of existence of vocational institutions to the people of Uganda, thus promoting vocational studies. The construction of these technical institutions was a move by the government of Uganda through the Ministry of Education (MoE) to rescue the deteriorating number of technicians produced by vocational institutions in the country. In the course of time, vocational education had been side-lined when it came to government funding and general attention, and this directly led to a drop in the delivery of these institutions. After a loud cry from the country’s education analysts following a survey that revealed the tremendous drop in vocational technicians in the country’s youth population, the government decided to embark on a project to set up vocational technical institutions in different regions of the country. To accomplish this lofty vision, the government, not being able to fund the entire project by itself, had to partner with a donor ‘OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID)’ in order realise this vision. OFID funded 87% of the project while the Ugandan government through MoE funded the remaining 13%. Basoga Nsadhu memorial technical institute in particular was set up in Kayiti, Namutumba in Namutumba district to serve eastern Uganda. It offers certificate courses like; Motor vehicle mechanics and Home economics. Other regions of the country were assigned institutions offering different vocational courses. The construction of the Basoga Nsadhu memorial technical institute project was ground broken on the 3rd of December 2014 and was scheduled to reach practical completion by 3rd December 2015. However, the project wasn’t completed in time. The practical completion of the project was only realised 12 months after the initial scheduled practical completion date. In this report, the author gives a detailed account of the construction phase, the challenges that were experienced during this phase, and how they were mitigated.
  • Item
    Design review and capacity improvement Project Lot B, Kampala Northern Bypass
    (Makerere University, 2018-08) Kigambo, Alex Daniel
    The study was done specifically to this project to undertake a design review and construction supervision of the physical construction of the works on behalf of the Uganda National Roads Authority while ensuring that the works are completed on time, within budget and meeting the required specifications. The Contractor’s office and accommodation as well as Engineer’s Office are fully established All major items of equipment required at start-up are now on site with the exception of additional 3 No motor graders and 2 No dozers that are expected to arrive next month. Resettlement Action Plan Consultant to be nominated by the Employer UNRA has not yet been mobilized to site, the compensation process will soon incapacitate the works as the contractor looks fully mobilized. Materials supply is unsatisfactory: Borrowed areas are still under investigations, the quarry establishment is not completed. However the earthworks can now start after access to more road reserve is granted to the Contractor and redesigned drawings for the start-up section are approved by the Employer. Quality management and control was measured through inspection and testing of materials intended for use in concrete works, earthworks (fill) and swamp treatment has been done on a regular basis. Field Density tests were carried out on completed sections of fill and roadbed preparation. Production rates are low on preliminaries and nil on the permanent works. The contractor’s planned progress for the next quarter (as per revised works programme- Rev 2) will be 11.48%. The contractor is expected to start permanent works including but not limited to; Clearing and grubbing, Excavation to spoil, Installation of cross culverts and Relocation of services. The Contractor’s cash flow forecast for next quarter, based on the 2ndrevised work program is 77.521 Billion Uganda Shillings. The Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan (EMP) was provisionally accepted and National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) based on this plan issued The Employer by his letter dated 14th May 2015 nominated a subcontractor for the HIV/AID community awareness programme. The Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will be scrutinized further by this Nominated Services Provider (NSP) before final approval and acceptance.
  • Item
    Developing citizen based crowd sourced mobile GIS for Open Power Emergency Reporting and Awareness (OPERA) System
    ( 2018-05) George, Okello
    Today, Power Grid Risks and Hazard reporting along the power lines are purely done by the staff and very little by the citizens through call center toll free lines, SMSs and Web contact-us forms that lack spatial component and this is not good enough. Literature studies in this thesis, together with earlier works by the other authors have suggested that the Power Grid Risks and Hazard reporting along the power lines needs a digital tool for such reporting. The aim of the thesis has thus been to design and develop a mobile GIS system for An open client-server system enabling members of the public use a mobile Android based client (smartphone application) to report electrical power grid emergencies like accidents and faults via the internet. This reported information is sent to a server back-end with Umeme as custodians who are to respond based on optimally computed and Geospatial/GIS aggregation techniques for prioritized resource allocation.
  • Item
    Development of a Web-GIS for aircraft obstacles: A case of Entebbe International Airport, Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2018-05-18) Otim, Epila Thomas
    Airspace protection and obstacle clearance are vital to airport and aircraft operation safety (Changa & Hwangb, 2013; de Barros, 2013; Litsheim & Xiao, 2009). Global statistics indicate that approach and landing phases are most prone to aviation accidents, accounting for approximately 65% of all accidents (Pacheco, Fernandes, & Domingos, 2014; Regional Aviation Safety Group, 2017). During such phases of flight, the proximity between aircraft and obstacle is greatly reduced. Therefore obstacle detection is very significant with respect to aircraft operation safety (Kamiya et al., 2009). This project was undertaken to extend the accessibility of aircraft obstacle data to data consumers through the exploitation of open source geospatial software and technology in the design, development and implementation of a prototype Web-GIS. This was to be achieved through the creation of a spatial multi-user database in which obstacle data was stored and content served through a GIS server to intranet or internet clients. The data adopted in the study was derived from Entebbe, a typical international airport located in the developing world. The tool was found to be able to provide the data consumers that lacked expert knowledge of GIS a platform wherein they could access, analyse, visualise and understand the data in a web browser interface. This therefore eliminated the need for additional software thus minimising expenses. In conclusion, the Web-GIS has demonstrated a pragmatic solution to enhancing the access of spatial obstacle data to relevant data consumers via the web through the adoption of open source geospatial software and technologies. It is noteworthy to indicate that due to data limitations, the Web-GIS only displays the obstacle situation as of November 2014, inclusion of currrent data could enrich the content. Additional recommendations would involve the inclusion of other web processing services that could determine obstacle proximity to movement areas.
  • Item
  • Item
    Evaluation of the extent of ICT use in the building industry in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2018-12) Sebanenya, Julius Daniel
    The construction industry has over the years been criticized for inefficiency and poor quality productivity. This situation has been associated to the industry’s ineffective communication and exchange of information and data during project execution. In fact, the construction industry in Uganda has lagged behind other industries regarding adaption and use of new technologies more particularly ICT (Peansupap, 2012). In the recent past there has been some sort of recognition of the need to use ICT for improving data and communication in the construction processes. Nonetheless, contractors in the Ugandan building industry still largely use manual and traditional process in conducting business and performing tasks. Yet the manual process presents numerous disadvantages that directly affect productivity. With such a backdrop, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the use of ICT for productivity improvement in the Building Industry in Uganda. To achieve the aim and specific objectives of this study, a quantitative research approach was adopted with the help of questionnaires which were administered to contractors registered with the Uganda National Association of Building and Civil Engineering Contractors. The findings revealed that majority of the contractor’s used some form of ICT tools and systems as reflected in their organizations’ ICT infrastructure. There was high usage of ICT hardware such as desktop computers, and laptops among other devices. Microsoft Project software was identified as the most popular software used for project planning and scheduling whereas Estimate software and WinQS were popular in estimating and cost calculations. The use of AutoCAD as CAD software for the drawings production and modelling was equally observed. Contractors viewed ICT usage as critical to the running of their organizations as it adds value to their performance. The current usage of ICT was just average though a considerable number of contractors felt it was low. Contractors highly used ICT to execute activities such as production of project Drawings, works scheduling and planning. There was moderate use of ICT for activities such as purchasing and invoicing, resource management, and subcontractors among others. There was a notably high usage of a number of ICT tools such as Electronic-mail (E-mail), Mobile internet, Global Positioning Systems (GPS), while modeling and visualization and Building Information Modeling (BIM) ICT tools were found to be moderately used. The most prevalent factors hindering use of ICT were; rapid changes in ICT technologies, high cost of training professionals in ICT, satisfaction of employers with existing work methods, and budget constraint for ICT investment due to high cost of ICT investments. It was also observed that there was some resistance within some contractor organizations about use of ICTs due to fear of fast and accurate tracking of their financial resources leading to taxation. Conclusively, notwithstanding the several challenges faced by the Ugandan building industry, ICT is well recognized as a significant means that can help increase the effectiveness of communication and data exchange during the construction process. Indeed, there is a significant level of awareness among the contractors about the potential benefits ICT can offer to their operations. Hence the level of ICT usage on some of the contractors’ activities in the building industry in Uganda was quite encouraging. Although the majority of the firms were deficient in the use of most advanced ICT tools and applications. Notably the extensive non-use of ICT is associated with financial, human resources and technological level of absorption of ICT advances. With such limiting factors to use of ICT, the study recommended for financial Support for ICT Investment for Building Contractors, provision of training and management support for ICT in Building Construction Firms, the need to promote the use of ICT through increased external requirement in which construction clients take into account the contractors ICT technological capabilities as a criterion for selection, and incorporating into the construction courses a robust content of ICT education which will generate adequate construction ICT skills acquisition.
  • Item
    Field industrial training in construction of a Solar Powered Deep Production Borehole System for safe water supply in Kikumbo Parish Kirugu Sub county
    (Makerere University, 2020-12-21) Nyerinde, Frank Nahurira
    This industrial training report comprises of the activities I participated in, I had hands on, carried out and observed while I was on my industrial training from January to June 2020. I took to myself all the work events, procedures of the work done and observed all were recorded in the daily note book and used to compile this report The construction of Kyambura Hydro Power plant in Kirugu Sub-county, Rubirizi District has had a wide range of effects on the communities within the project belt and the neighboring areas. One of such effects is accessibility to water, especially for domestic use. Whereas the majority of the community members used to fetch water form River Kyambura, this was affected by the alterations made on the river by the power project. Currently people from Kaberengye A, Kaberengye B and Omukabare A communities use unsafe water from River Kyambura carried in trucks to their villages and other members use water from other stagnant and unclean sources, which expose them to diseases like bilharzia, typhoid, cholera, diarrhoea and other water-borne diseases. Other members walk long distances of up to 5 kilometres to fetch water from Lake Karia while some go to the National Water and Sewerage Corporation Public Water Taps. Some people have lost lives through drowning while fetching water from River Kyambura, especially women and children. It was therefore considered important to construct a safe water supply system to serve villages of Kaberengye A, Kaberengye B and Omukabare A, which are affected by the on-going construction of the Kyambura Hydro Power plant. A number of alternative systems were evaluated with an interest of identifying the most feasible system that can serve the above mentioned communities with safe water. A Solar-powered Deep Production Borehole System was selected as the most viable especially in terms of operation and maintenance for sustainability The objective of the field industrial training were To provide an opportunity to the student to apply principles and techniques theoretically learnt into real life problem solving situations and to get hands on experiences in real life situations that they are expected to work in when they graduate or after accomplishing the degree. The experience were gained importantly in all areas which are explained in chapter two as case studies of Construction of Pumped Water System and the focus for reporting and training was based on the course outline for field report in the course content in relation to experience gained in the field of study. Project Design, contract procedure, Construction procedures, innovations and information technology in rehabilitation of Water Tanks was all trained in addition to project management, Experience was gained in physical planning of Rubirizi District and this was well detailed in case study and experience gained in chapter three.
  • Item
    Geographic profiling and spatial analysis of crime for tactical policing: a case study of the murders in the Greater Masaka Sub-Region
    (Makerere University, 2022-02-04) Mukasa, Derrick Peter
    Main Objective: To enhance tactical criminal investigations using geospatial techniques for the analysis of crime (murder) in the Greater Masaka sub region. Specific Objectives: 1. To determine the criminogenic factors that facilitate murder in the study area. 2. To determine the spatial relationships between the attacks and the underlying criminogenic factors. 3. To model the offender`s comfort zone within the study area.
  • Item
    Impact of higher education, science and technology curriculum on employability of graduates in the construction industry
    (Makerere University, 2018-11-26) Kiiza, Smith Semu
    This research sought to investigate the impact of the Higher Education (HE) Science and Technology curriculum on employability of graduates in the construction industry. The study was guided by three study objectives and adopted a cross sectional survey design which covered a sample of 124 respondents selected from 62 firms in Kampala and Wakiso Districts. Data collection was done by the use of a self-administered questionnaire, interview guide including a review of the related literature. The main statistical procedures employed included the paired samples t-test, the Analysis of Variance and a Pearson correlation. The study established a negative and significant relationship between the skill requirements of the construction industry and what graduates have which implies that the skills and competencies provided by higher education do not adequately match with the employability skills required by employers. With regard to the second objective, it was established that although technicians and engineers considered the training as somehow effective, architects and surveyors refuted this claim and according to them, the training they underwent was generally ineffective in the acquisition or development of technical, business and personal skills and competencies required in the construction industry. But overall, the perceptions of graduates with regard to the relevance of HE in helping them acquire and develop skills needed were not statistically dependent on their current designations. The study also established a significantly positive relationship between HE collaboration with the construction industry and employability skills of graduates. Employers who perceived collaboration with HE to be an important factor were also likely to have high expectations from graduates with regard to the skills they considered to be crucial in the construction industry. Conclusions and recommendations were then made on the basis of the research findings. Key words: Employability, Higher Education Science and Technology (HEST), higher education collaboration.
  • Item
    Improved road network to ease access to social services and overall economic development : A case study of Kyanyawara and Kiko Wards by filling the Mburru Swamp in Kiko Town Council, Kabarole District
    ( 2019-07) Burolerro, James Happy
    This report was written to find out whether improved road network can lead to significant increase in access to social services and enhanced economic development. A case study was taken from Kiko Town in KabaroleDistrictwhere a swamp was raised to connect villages of Makobyo, Kanyawara, Kasojo and Ibura on the opposite side of the Central Business District to Rwengaju and Mburru on the side of the Central Business District, with the idea of connecting two adjacent collinear roads but with dead ends initiated, planned for and finally executed. The reason was to ensure that there is easy movement that saves time and money as people move from either side, as well as seeing more structures built for both commercial and residential functions, so there is increased human activity along the same stretch in particular and the Central Business District in general. The major problems to the area were: First of all, there were steep slopes in Makobyo and Rwengaju which would not allow motorized transport to take place, which required that they are cut to reduced levels. Secondly, these slopes were joined by a swamp of an average of 400mm wide which was making it hard even for pedestrians to cross from one village to the other, that it required to fill this swamp to allow movement. The hills on both sides of Mburru and Makobyo which share the swamp boundaries, were cut to reduced levels to allow movement of traffic from either side. The cut soils were used to fill the swamp, so as to allow traffic to cross the swamp and also to let water flow in a streamlined manner.People of Makobyo, Mburru and the neighboring villages are able to access service centers that are much concentrated in the central business district of Kiko town council.
  • Item
    Investigation into the engineering properties of recycled red clay brick aggregates and crumb rubber mixtures for pavement construction
    (Makerere University, 2017) Arinaitwe, Emmy
    Large volumes of Construction & Demolition (C&D) waste and End-Of-Life rubber tyres produced every year cause a huge environmental problem. Both bricks and rubber wastes are non-biodegradable in nature and pose a threat if not adequately and safely disposed of. On the other hand, these materials have good engineering properties that could be beneficially used in civil engineering, e.g. in construction of pavement layers in road works. Brick rubble is a major component of C&D, constituting approximately 7 - 10% of the total C&D waste generated on construction sites. In this study, recycled brick aggregates (RBA) crushed from red clay bricks picked from a demolition site in Świętochłowice (Silesia Region in Poland) and crumb tyre rubber (granulated) were tested to determine their engineering properties with the aim of utilizing them as unbound pavement material. Physical and mechanical tests such as particle size distribution, particle density, Proctor test, water absorption and California bearing ratio were conducted on the recycled brick aggregates. The compressive strength of the whole bricks was determined as well. Recycled brick aggregate – tyre rubber blends were prepared with varying percentages of tyre rubber (2%, 5% and 10% of the total weight of the dry mix) to determine the effect of this addition on the physical and mechanical properties of RBA. To present the varying moisture content regimes of pavement layers in various field applications, both unsoaked and soaked samples were investigated for California bearing ratio, swelling and moisture content. The experimental results indicated that RBA behaved like self-draining material with the bleeding water content of approximately 15% and its dry density did not largely depend on the moisture content. Compaction of materials in the Proctor moulds caused RBA to break and the breakage increased with the compaction energy. The RBA0 remained multi graded with Cu ≥ 26.7 and Cc ≤ 1.16 and were RBA2 (25.0 and 1.26), RBA5 (22.1 and 1.25) and RBA10 (28.9 and 2.45) respectively after modified Proctor energy compaction. Addition of recycled rubber to RBA greatly enhanced protection against crushing of RBA during compaction which increased by approximately 46% as rubber content increased to 10%. The CBR test values of only RBA were 87.8% (unsoaked) prepared with 2-5 mm size rubber mixture and 106.1% (unsoaked) prepared with 0.5-2 mm size rubber mixture which increased to 141.3% and 126.0% after 4 days of soaking in water. Blending of tyre rubber and RBA drastically reduced the CBR values in all samples by over 60%, even with the rubber content as little as 2% which was not consistent with results presented in literature for soil-rubber mixtures. Based on the strength values (CBR) limits of the subbase and base layers of unbound granular materials in the roads specifications (i.e. Overseas Road Note 31), RBA alone meet the specifications. However, RBA-tyre rubber blends do not meet the minimum requirements for being used as unbound pavement materials.
  • Item
    Land eviction risk analysis on Mailo land tenure system in Uganda; a case study of Kasambya Subcounty-Mubende District
    (Makerere University, 2022-02-04) Ngobya, Daniel
    Access to secure land and housing is a precondition for reducing poverty, yet many millions of people live under the daily threat of eviction, or without sufficient security to invest what they have in improving their homes. Looking at the cases of evictions which have taken place in Uganda, most of the people evicted happen to be bona fide or lawful occupants (Bako, 2009). Despite all the resources invested by government, land evictions on Mailo Land tenure have continued to manifest. This can partly be attributed to lack of a GIS based land eviction risk analysis of communities where scarce resources and interventions can be invested by decision makers and appropriate actions taken. Therefore, this study aimed at carrying out a land eviction risk analysis in Kasambya Sub County, Mubende district. The specific objectives of this study included; a) To determine the causes of land evictions on Mailo land tenure. b) To develop a land eviction risk map for communities within Kasambya sub county, Mubende district. Factors that influence the land evictions were reclassified, given weights through pairwise comparison and overlaid to identify villages that are at risk of being evicted from the land. It was found out that villages near the Kasolo central forest reserve were at the highest risk of being evicted. This research recommends use of evidence-based interventions that can be taken by decision makers to control evictions.
  • Item
    Masters project field report on the construction of the Office of the Auditor General, Hoima
    ( 2018-04) Muhimbo, Flavia
    This report contains construction and project management practices that the author participated in as a Construction Manager and Quantity Surveyor during the Construction of The Office of the Auditor General in Hoima district. Chapter One; lays out an introduction of the project, discusses the project back ground, contract data, scope, funders, beneficiaries, consultants and contractors and other stakeholders. This chapter also discusses the author’s participation throughout the project. The project was construction of a double storey office block for the regional office of the Auditor General in Hoima district. Chapter Two; discusses the construction methodologies, activities and contract administration procedures undertaken during the execution of this project. It discusses the different stages in the project implementation from site possession through construction to handover, the challenges encountered and how they were solved. Chapter Three; discusses the project management knowledge applied during implementation and administration of this contract. The different project management knowledge areas are explored in the context of the project, with particular emphasis on scope, cost, quality, time, procurement and communication management. Chapter Four; gives a general conclusion on the project, what challenges were faced, how they were mitigated. This chapter also discusses some recommendations on what would have been done differently to improve the general success of the project.
  • Item
    Prediction of the future condition of a water distribution network using a Markov based approach: a case study of Kampala water
    (Makerere University, 2018) Kyokaali, Lydia
    Prediction of the future condition of the pipe network continues to trouble water utility managers because of the complexities in determining pipe conditions amidst poor data situations. The available approaches in literature for prediction of pipe condition are skewed towards modeling the deterioration of large diameter pipes such as transmission mains without a failure history or which have been recently repaired. This is mainly because the available pipe condition assessment techniques are very costly and justified only for major transmission water mains. Moreover to date approaches for prediction of future condition of a water distribution network based on the current pipe condition are lacking. Predicting the future condition of the pipe network is required as a proactive strategy to determine the maintenance and repair requirements to enable network managers to draw the necessary priority based main replacement schedules. This thesis presents a Markov based approach for predicting the future condition of a Water Distribution Network and a method for main replacement optimisation. The approaches are illustrated on City Centre, a case study in Kampala Water, Uganda as a proof of concept. Based on case study results, the Markov model was found to be simple with an acceptable percentage accuracy of predictions of 88.4%. The Markov model approach showed both conceptually and through statistical analyses, to be an appropriate model for predicting pipe conditions in a water network. It is a good alternative for contemporary approaches that are currently being employed in developing countries including Uganda such as replacing when the break rate becomes very frequent, when the pipe becomes very old or when continuous maintenance becomes uneconomical. These contemporary approaches do not produce a practical output because they do not take into consideration the criticality of the pipes being replaced. Basing on the condition prediction models, a main replacement strategy that can enable network managers to make optimum main replacement schedules and budget forecasts was developed. The developed approach can help water utility managers optimize main replacement and maintenance decisions amidst budget limitations whilst taking into consideration both current and future states of the pipe network. This newly developed proactive approach can greatly reduce on the number of breaks especially in critical service areas as well as the severity of their impact. The research has contributed towards providing a new approach for predicting the future condition of a water distribution pipe network.