Browsing by Title

  • Item
    100-bed rural hospitals, 1965-1967
    ( 1965) Buganda Government
  • Item
    The 14-day incidence and risk factors of gastrointestinal anastomotic leak among adult patients in Mulago Hospital, a prospective cohort study
    (Makerere University, 2025) Omare, Isaac
    Background: Anastomotic leak is one of the most feared complications following gastrointestinal (GI) anastomotic surgery. It increases morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing GI surgery. Globally, the frequency of anastomotic leak varies depending upon the tissue that is being anastomosed. Higher incidences of anastomotic leak up to 36.5% have been reported in Low- and Middle-income countries compared to the lower rates of less than 10% in Higher income countries for small and large bowel anastomoses. Despite the burden, the incidence and risk factors of anastomotic leak following gastrointestinal surgery are not well defined in Uganda. Objective: We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of anastomotic leak following gastrointestinal surgery at Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH). Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we recruited 85 adult patients admitted to the general surgery wards of MNRH 24 hours following gastrointestinal surgery. Independent variables including preoperative anemia, preoperative albumin level, and ASA status were recorded on entry, while the dependent variable (anastomotic leak) was obtained upon 14 day’s follow- up. Data was analysed using SPSS version 26. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent risk factors for anastomotic leak, p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 85 participants recruited, 7 (8.2%) developed anastomotic leak during the 14 day follow up. Hemoglobin level less than 10 g/dl (RR, 8.15; 95% C.I, 1.16 - 57.48; p=0.035) was identified as independent risk factor for anastomotic leak after multivariate logistic regression adjusted for confounders. Conclusion: The incidence of anastomotic leak in Mulago National Referral Hospital was low, (8.2%). Low Hb (Hb<10g/dl) was the only statistically significant predictor variable of gastrointestinal anastomotic leak in this study.
  • Item
    1890 Captain (Later Load) Lugard a representative of the chartered Company.
    ( 1890) Makerere University.
    It is a photograph taken of 1890 Captain (later Load) Lugard, a representative of the chartered Company, the I.B.E.A. Co., set up a camp and built a fort on the Small hill called Kampala.
  • Item
    22test title
    ( 2025) 22test, today
    22 test abstract. jjdjdjd.
  • Item
    30 day in-hospital patient mortality after ICU discharge and associated factors : a retrospective cohort study in selected tertiary hospitals in Kampala
    (Makerere University, 2021-01-25) Nantongo, Betty
    Background: Intensive care medicine is rapidly growing because critical illness is a major component of the global burden of disease especially in LMICs. We retrospectively evaluated the 30 day In-hospital patient mortality after ICU discharge and associated factors. Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicentre Cohort study on all patients that were discharged alive from the ICU at three tertiary hospitals in Kampala- Uganda, patient records discharged between January 2018 to December 2019 were reviewed during their hospital stay to fill the data extraction tool and followed up. In-hospital mortality after ICU discharge as primary outcome. Results: In total 711 patients were included with mean age of 42 years and 56.4% were male. A total of 106/711 patients died after ICU discharge giving a mortality of 14.9% (95% CI: 12.4-17.7). Most (86/711) patients died within the first 20 days with a 0.802 survival probability and were mostly above 40 years. The median number of hospital stay after ICU discharge 7 days (IQR: 5-11). Multivariate analysis identified presence of comorbidities, Respiratory disorder at ICU admission and GIT disorder at ICU admission and inotropic/vasopressor support to be associated with patient mortality after ICU discharge while Tracheostomy placement was found to be protective. Conclusion: The 30-day in hospital patient mortality rate after ICU discharge was high compared to that in high income countries. Most in-hospital patient deaths after ICU discharge occurred during the first 20 days. A prospective study is needed to further explore In-hospital patient mortality after ICU discharge and associated factors.
  • Item
    A 3d basin modelling approach to the assessment of hydrocarbon potential of Lake Edward basin, western Uganda
    (Makerere University., 2023-09-06) Atwebembeire, Conscent
    Lake Edward basin is a rift basin located in the extreme south of the Ugandan portion of the western arm of the East African Rift System (EARS), popularly known as the Albertine Graben. 3D basin modelling approach was applied to Lake Edward basin with the objective of gaining an understanding of its hydrocarbon potential. The approach utilized 2D Seismic data, well data, geochemical data and well completion reports from Lake Edward basin. 2D seismic data were integrated with well log data to define stratigraphic framework of the basin, onto which heat flow and geochemical characterization was undertaken to establish the possible potential source rocks of the basin. The integrated 3D basin modelling revealed the burial history, including the development of potential entrapment and source rock maturation. The major structures responsible for the hydrocarbon migration and entrapment in the field as interpreted are fault structures especially tilted faults blocks and normal faults. PetroMod software (version 2018.2) produced hydrocarbon maturation and generation model of the Lake Edward basin. The model shows that the source rock, Lower Ngaji Formation is currently at temperatures between 50oC-80oC. According to the model, the source rock, Lower Ngaji with typical characteristics of a mixture of Type II and III kerogen is immature with respect to petroleum generation. The research has provided a better understanding of key controls on hydrocarbon potential of Lake Edward basin and has enhanced the understanding of the timing and extent of hydrocarbon generation in Lake Edward basin and so the petroleum exploration risk can be potentially reduced This is useful for the oil and gas industry in the country as the findings are helpful in setting the next drilling phase of future exploration activities.
  • Item
    A comparative analysis of conventional RCC slabs and Composite Steel Deck Slabs during the construction phase.
    (Makerere University, 2025-12-09) Muzamil, Sande
    Concrete and steel are by far the most popular when it comes to construction materials in Uganda and the world at large, particularly for projects of medium and low height. In the past decades, Concrete has been used as the main composite material for build construction but recently we have witnessed an overwhelming adoption of Structural steel being used for the construction of tall buildings. This has mainly been attributed to the need to optimize costs and fast & timely delivery of project time lines which have been and are still the major challenges to construction projects This study presents a comparative analysis of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) slabs and Structural Steel Decked (SSD) slabs, with a particular focus on their cost and time efficiency during the construction phase. Using the proposed Kabira Country Club Hotel extension project as a case study, the research evaluates material and labour costs, construction durations, and key structural characteristics of each slab system. Data was collected through site observations, construction records, and project documents, and analysed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings indicate that SSD slabs offer notable advantages over RCC slabs, including a 20.3% reduction in total construction cost and a 43.75% decrease in construction time. Additionally, SSD systems simplify labour requirements by eliminating traditional formwork and reducing reinforcement needs. The study concludes that SSD slabs are a more efficient alternative for modern construction projects where time and cost are critical considerations. Recommendations are made for broader adoption of SSD systems, further training for construction professionals, and additional research into long-term performance and sustainability factors.
  • Item
    A comparative analysis of the technical efficiency of common bean production in Uganda: a non-parametric approach
    (Makerere University, 2025-12) Mazima, Titus. Joshua
    The study compared the technical efficiency of common bean production in Uganda. The study aimed at achieving the following objectives: to estimate and compare the technical efficiency of common bean production in Uganda at both Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institutes (ZARDI) and district levels, to identify the most efficient and inefficient decision making units (DMUs) in common bean production and establish benchmarks for performance improvement, to analyze the relative contribution of key inputs to efficiency using slack and shadow price analysis. Secondary data was used from the 2020 National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO) survey covering 706 bean farmers across 27 districts. The study employed the output-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model, which provides answers to two fundamental questions: which DMUs perform better than others, and what is required to make inefficient DMUs efficient. Sensitivity analysis was conducted through benchmarks, shadow prices, and slack analysis to address the second objective. Benchmark analysis established efficient references for the inefficient DMUs to emulate. Shadow price analysis revealed the marginal contribution of critical inputs to overall efficiency, while slack analysis highlighted areas of underutilized capacity. For instance, Mukono ZARDI exhibited considerable surplus in hired labour, pesticides, and inorganic fertilizers, suggesting inefficiencies in resource allocation. Inefficient districts similarly showed excess capacity in acreage, labour, herbicides, pesticides, organic manure, and inorganic fertilizers. Findings revealed that, among the ZARDIs, Mukono ZARDI was the only inefficient unit, operating at 59%. At district level, Bugiri, Bukomansimbi, Bulambuli, Kabale, Kiboga, Kikuube, Kole, Kyankwanzi, Lira, Lwengo, Mityana, Mubende, Nakaseke, Omoro, Rukiga, Sironko, Tororo and Yumbe were identified as inefficient, indicating operations below 100% capacity. The study concludes that inefficiencies in common bean production are largely due to underutilization of inputs. It recommends redistributing and optimizing inputs, enhancing farmers’ knowledge through training and extension services, facilitating adoption of improved technologies, and promoting efficient resource use. These measures will improve productivity and strengthen common bean production in Uganda. Subject keywords; Bean production, Uganda
  • Item
    A comparative study of teachers’ instructional practices in academically high and low performing secondarySchools in Wakiso and Buliisa Districts
    (Makerere University, 2025) Ntegeka, Ezra
    The study explored teachers‘ instructional practices in academically high and low performing secondary schools in Wakiso and Buliisa districts in Uganda. It was guided by three study objectives namely, to explore teachers‘ instructional assessment practices in academically high and low performing secondary schools in Wakiso and Buliisa Districts, to explore teachers‘ instructional competence practices in academically high and low performing secondary schools in Wakiso and Buliisa Districts and to explore teachers‘ instructional flexibility practices in academically high and low performing secondary schools in Wakiso and Buliisa Districts. It adopted a dual case study research design. The study involved 2 headteachers, 2 Director of studies, 6 teachers and 10 learners. Research instruments were interview guide, documentary analysis checklist, lesson observation checklist and a focus group discussion guide. The study findings revealed that, teachers in Top-tier academic performing secondary school provided timely, specific, constructive and actionable feedback during assessment, teachers designed tasks that align with UCE learner-centered teaching approach, and employed a variety of teaching techniques and materials contrary to teachers in Mid-to-low academic performing secondary school, it was therefore concluded that teachers‘ instructional practices in top-tier academic performing secondary school positively contribute to learners‘ academic performance compared to Mid-to-low academic performing secondary school where teachers‘ instructional practices are at variant with parents and other stakeholders expectations. Therefore, in conclusion, the study also recommends government and its development partners to initiate an assessment training program similar to SESEMAT for science subjects‘ teachers, to provide in-service assessment trainings for Arts teachers on modern assessment techniques, rubric development and providing constructive feedback to show arts subjects are also valuable. The study recommends the ministry of education and its development partners to modify teachers training workshops to also reflect on the key instructional competence practices to close incompetence gap of teachers in mid-to-low academically performing secondary school e.g. cluster based-centers focusing on teachers‘ instructional competence practices. The study further recommends Ministry of education to allow for public-private partnership and assist government and encourage of supplementary parental funding to access instructional equipment‘s as well as mobilization of resources and integrate the use of low-cost tools like local materials and radio –based modules aimed at enhancing teachers' instructional flexibility practices and also flexibility practices.
  • Item
    A computer vision approach towards glare mitigation and image quality enhancement in license plate recognition
    (Makerere University, 2025) Masaba, Jeremiah
    License Plate Recognition (LPR) systems play a crucial role in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), facilitating automated vehicle identification for applications such as traffic monitoring, law enforcement, and toll collection. However, these systems often suffer from glare-induced distortions caused by intense light sources such as sunlight, vehicle headlights, and reflections. These distortions obscure license plate details, leading to reduced Optical Character Recognition (OCR) accuracy and compromised system reliability. This research addresses this critical challenge by developing a unified computer vision framework that integrates Autoencoders (AE) and Noise2Clean Generative Adversarial Networks (N2C-GAN) to mitigate glare and improve image quality. The study aimed to achieve four key objectives: access and utilize an existing dataset of glare-induced license plate images, image pre-processing, model implementation, and rigorous model evaluation. The proposed model demonstrated significant advances in glare mitigation, achieving a Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of 38.8 dB, a Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) of 0.987, and a Visual Information Fidelity (VIF) of 0.8896. Furthermore, the model improved the accuracy of OCR to 99.9% using Google Cloud Vision OCR, underscoring its effectiveness in restoring license plate readability under glare conditions. Computational efficiency was a key focus, with a compact model size of 298 kB and a runtime of 0.7263 s, making it scalable for real-world deployment. Despite encountering limitations such as dataset bias and computational constraints, this research provides valuable insights and lays the groundwork for future advances in glare mitigation, image processing, and machine learning-based LPR enhancements. The findings have broad implications for transportation management, public safety, and automated enforcement, offering a robust solution to improve the performance and reliability of LPR systems in diverse real-world applications.
  • Item
    A computerized maintenance management system for real-time monitoring of medical equipment under the Ministry of Health, Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2025) Ssebuliba, Kato Hussein
    The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical importance of efficient healthcare service delivery, particularly in resource-constrained settings like Uganda. Amid the surge in demand for healthcare services, the Ministry of Health faced significant challenges in managing medical equipment due to the lack of a centralized system for tracking equipment status and performance. The reliance on outdated, paper-based systems exacerbated delays, inefficiencies, and poor resource allocation, underscoring the urgency for a more robust solution. This research addressed this gap by developing a computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) tailored to the needs of Uganda’s healthcare system, focusing on real-time monitoring and management of forty (40) Digital X-ray machines across public health facilities. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining stakeholder consultations, system requirement gathering, and iterative system design. Quantitative data was collected through system performance tests in different network environments, while qualitative insights were obtained from focus group discussions with hospital administrators, radiographers, and biomedical engineers. The CMMS was designed to integrate Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication for real-time data acquisition, alert management, and maintenance scheduling. The system was evaluated for usability, functionality, and effectiveness in tracking equipment status and downtime. Key findings indicate that the CMMS significantly reduced equipment downtime by facilitating prompt fault reporting and maintenance interventions. Data transmission delays were minimal in urban settings (2-5 seconds), although rural facilities experienced longer delays (up to 50 seconds) due to network limitations. User feedback provided the system’s intuitive dashboard and enhanced decision-making capabilities. Overall, the CMMS demonstrated the potential to streamline maintenance operations and strengthen healthcare service delivery.
  • Item
    A critical analysis of the law regulating motor vehicle insurance (third party risks) settlements to accident victims in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2025) Kanwagi, Stephen
    This study critically examines the effectiveness of Uganda’s Motor Vehicle Insurance (Third Party risks) Act Cap 193 legal framework in indemnifying accident victims. Using a qualitative research design, the study employed purposive and random sampling to gather data from policyholders, insurance regulators, accident victims, and insurers within the Kampala Metropolitan Area. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews and thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns, challenges, and best practices. Ethical considerations such as informed consent and confidentiality were strictly observed throughout the research process. The findings reveal systemic faults in Uganda’s Motor Vehicle Insurance (Third Party risks) Act (MTPA) legal regime, including the law being outdated, low public awareness, inadequate compensation limits, delays in claims processing, and poor enforcement mechanisms of compulsory insurance requirements. The study also highlights gaps in coordination between regulatory institutions and the prevalence of fraudulent activities, which undermine efficacy and public confidence. Comparatively, regional and international models such as the COMESA Yellow Card and European Green Card systems demonstrate stronger enforcement, digital integration, and higher payout ceilings, offering useful lessons for Uganda. The research finds that Uganda’s MTPI framework, though well-intentioned, requires immediate reform to achieve its primary objectives of timely and fair victim compensation. Key recommendations include amending Cap 193 to streamline the claims process, raise compensation limits, integrating ICT in claims management, strengthening enforcement mechanisms, including all vehicles in the MTP system and improving sensitisation on MTPI rights and procedures. Such measures would align Uganda’s legal framework with global best practices, promoting transparency, efficiency, and access to justice for accident victims. Therefore, while MTPI is vital for road safety and accident victim protection, its current inefficiencies require a multifaceted approach involving legal reforms, public education, technological advancements, and more vigorous enforcement to enhance its effectiveness. Keywords: Motor vehicle insurance
  • Item
    A critical analysis of the legal and policy framework governing safe shelters in Uganda for gender based violence survivors
    (Makerere University, 2025) Bogere, Racheal
    Gender-based violence (GBV) is a major global concern with extensive and long-lasting effects. This challenge necessitates that safe shelters should be established and maintained to support GBV survivors. While international, regional, and Uganda’s legal frameworks recognize the need to protect GBV survivors, the nature and extent of state obligations regarding safe shelters for GBV survivors remains largely obscure. This study analyzes Uganda’s legal framework relating to safe shelters for GBV survivors. Using qualitative research methods including interviews and fieldwork in Kiryandongo District in February 2025, the study draws on the Human Rights-Based Approach and Gender Theory to examine survivors' lived realities, state obligations and structural barriers. The study found that Uganda’s current legal framework does not provide for an explicit right to safe shelters for survivors of GBV nor does it entrench an autonomous legal framework on the same, leaving survivors reliant on underfunded, unregulated facilities typically run by Non-Governmental Organizations. The study also compared Uganda to South Africa and Rwanda and found that although both South Africa and Rwanda do not have an explicit legal provision on safe shelters for GBV survivors, South Africa and Rwanda have developed more coordinated and better-resourced institutional responses than Uganda due to their political will, policy coherence, and public funding. The study also found that the major barriers which impede the establishment and accessibility of safe shelters are inter-connected and they include poverty, cultural stigma, corruption and language challenges. The study concludes that the absence of a clear legal mandate is the primary barrier to consistent and quality shelter provision. Legal reform alone, however, is insufficient without broader institutional commitment and public engagement. The study recommends enacting a Safe Shelters for GBV Survivors Act, harmonizing existing laws, establishing a specialized Safe Shelter Services Unit, and implementing a national awareness campaign. It also urges the integration of best practices from South Africa and Rwanda. Keywords: Legal and policy framework governing safe shelters
  • Item
    A critical analysis of the legal and policy regime for licensing independent power producers in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2025) Mwandha, Steven
    The persistent gap between rising electricity demand and stagnant power generation capacity has gained prominence in legal scholarship. Yet, limited attention has been paid to how this disparity may stem from the effectiveness of legal and policy regimes governing the licensing of Independent Power Producers (IPPs), the feasibility of licensing processes, implementation challenges, and potential reforms, including lessons from jurisdictions such as South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, and the United Kingdom. This gap is particularly evident in Uganda, where demand substantially outpaces supply, but empirical analysis of regulatory and institutional causes remains scarce. This study critically examines Uganda’s IPP licensing regime with five key objectives: assessing its legal and policy framework in terms of (a) efficacy, (b) licensing process feasibility, (c) implementation challenges, (d) remedies and best practices, and (e) proposing recommendations. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches to collect and analyse both primary and secondary data. This approach enabled the study to obtain numerical insights into licensing patterns and rich perspectives from stakeholders involved in IPP licensing in Uganda. Primary data were collected via semi-structured face-to-face interviews with seven (7) ERA officials and ten (10) IPP representatives, purposively selected from institutions in Kampala. Data were analysed using directed qualitative content analysis. Secondary data were derived from national, regional, and international legal instruments and similarly analysed through qualitative methods. Findings reveal a mixed level of efficacy in Uganda’s legal and policy regime. While the framework outlines procedural steps for licensing, some elements such as the notification phase require enhancement, particularly via digital public communication channels, as seen in South Africa and the UK. Prequalification requirements are generally adequate but could be improved by including a commercial and economic impact assessment, as practiced in South Africa. Structural inconsistencies, particularly overlapping mandates regarding electricity evacuation guarantees and the licence application invitation process, undermine the institutional independence of the Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA). Additionally, the licensing timeframe of 180 working days exceeds necessity and could be streamlined to 75 days,
  • Item
    A critical examination of the legal framework for the protection of online consumer rights in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2025) Patience, Martha
    This study critically examined Uganda's legal framework for protecting online consumer rights. It aimed at identifying the existing legal provisions' strengths and weaknesses and propose improvement recommendations. The study adopted the doctrinal research approach, utilizing primary and secondary data. Primary sources included legislative enactments and case law. Similarly, secondary sources included the writings of legal scholars describing, interpreting, analyzing, and criticizing statutes or judicial precedents. Secondary data sources included academic journals, textbooks, dictionaries, encyclopedias, and internet materials. The findings revealed several shortcomings in Uganda's current legal framework for online consumer rights. While specific legislation exists to protect consumers, it fails to adequately address the unique challenges the online environment poses. Key issues identified include a lack of specific provisions for online transactions, limited enforcement mechanisms, and insufficient consumer awareness and education. Additionally, the study highlighted the need for more vital collaboration between government agencies, consumer rights organizations, and online businesses to protect consumers in the digital sphere effectively. The recommendations proposed in this study can serve as a foundation for policymakers and stakeholders to enhance the protection of online consumer rights in Uganda, ultimately promoting trust and confidence in e-commerce transactions. The study contributes to the existing literature on consumer rights in Uganda by explicitly focusing on the online context. It also provides a comprehensive legal framework analysis and highlights areas for improvement Keyword: Protection of online consumer rights
  • Item
    A framework for mitigating fairness and ethical challenges of large language models in Africa
    (Makerere University, 2025) Namuwaya, Hajarah Ali
    The exponential growth of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, LLama2, BARD, and Falcon, underscores the urgency for robust frameworks to address fairness and ethical concerns in their deployment, particularly in the African context. This thesis proposed an innovative framework tailored to mitigate fairness and ethical challenges associated with LLMs in Africa. Drawing upon diverse methodologies and metrics, our framework offers a comprehensive approach to assess and address biases, promote transparency, and ensure equitable outcomes. By emphasizing the importance of representative training data and stakeholder collaboration, our framework seeks to foster responsible development and deployment of LLMs in Africa, balancing technological innovation with ethical considerations. The methodology employed involved a multi-dimensional approach, drawing upon insights from diverse stakeholders, literature review, and empirical analysis. Extensive research was primarily conducted to identify existing frameworks, ethical guidelines, and best practices in AI governance followed by a series of consultations with experts in AI ethics, linguistics, and African studies to tailor the framework to the unique socio-cultural context of Africa. The input from these consultations informed the selection of key dimensions for assessment, such as data diversity, transparency, and community engagement. This study employs Design Science Research methodology to develop and validate a framework for mitigating fairness and ethical challenges of Large Language Models in Africa, informed by African contextual factors including linguistic diversity, cultural values, resource constraints, and data availability. Pilot studies were conducted using sample datasets to validate the efficacy of the framework in identifying and mitigating biases in LLMs and the preliminary results indicated promising outcomes, with the framework demonstrating its ability to enhance fairness and ethical accountability in LLM deployment and this developed framework serves as a guiding resource for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners, facilitating informed decision-making and ethical governance of LLMs in the African context.
  • Item
    A framework for supporting information sharing and reuse in e-government service delivery in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2025) Ajuna, Newton Brian
    Uganda’s public sector continues to face significant challenges in information sharing and reuse among Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs), despite notable investments in ICT infrastructure and e-government systems. Fragmented data ecosystems, limited interoperability, and redundant data management processes hinder effective service delivery. This study addresses these challenges by proposing a context-specific framework for supporting secure and scalable information sharing and reuse across MDAs. Grounded in a thorough literature review and a comprehensive analysis of Uganda’s institutional context, the study adopts the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology. Through iterative design, evaluation, and refinement cycles, the study integrates findings from document reviews and empirical data collected via a national survey targeting ICT professionals and data managers. Key challenges and requirements were categorized using the PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal) framework. The resulting framework SIRAM (Supporting Information Reuse Among MDAs) is an adapted version of Estonia’s X-Road framework, extended to suit Uganda’s unique governance and operational environment. SIRAM incorporates components such as policy harmonization, metadata standards, legal alignment, stakeholder trust-building, and capacity development. Visual modeling was conducted using Visual Paradigm. To evaluate the framework, structured walkthroughs were conducted with 15 experts from URA and peer MDAs. Evaluation results confirmed the framework’s conceptual relevance, usability, and institutional applicability. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for coordinated legal reform, investment in capacity-building, and centralized governance structures to unlock the full benefits of e-government interoperability in Uganda. Future studies may extend the framework by testing its scalability across MDAs, integrating with UGHUB, and examining policy adoption challenges. Future work will pilot SIRAM across additional MDAs and refine governance, legal, and technical guidelines by sector. It will also evaluate capacity needs and the costs and benefits of nationwide adoption.
  • Item
    A glossary of hundred unique words and expressions spoken by Ugandans
    (Makerere University, 2025) Kantono, Immaculate
    This work is about a compilation of a glossary of 100 English terms and expressions unique to Ugandans providing us with their explanations and usage. The glossary of words will have their own meaning. Each word will have its own meaning and examples will also be provided for each word. All the words will be explained accordingly. Most Ugandans use unique words and expressions in their lives. Uglish is a blend of English and Luganda words that reflects Ugandan culture and trends. All words in this text will have the standard dictionary meaning; followed by the meaning of Ugandan users. In addition, each word will have a source where the word has been got. The introduction precedes the glossary. After the glossary, provide references, sources where the terms and expressions have come from. This book was written for students, teachers and other people in Uganda to help them learn English better. Each word has been categorized into different categories like category of religious terminology, high school category, category of phones and telecommunication.
  • Item
    A Land Tenure Arrangement for Refugees on Customary Land.
    (Makerere University, 2025-12-08) Nagujja, Sophia
    Countries addressing the global refugee crisis are increasingly shifting toward integrating refugees within national systems by granting them access to community land held customarily. Uganda is lauded for its refugee policy that allocates free land to refugees, with the Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) negotiating with landowners to voluntarily settle them. Although this process is intended to be formalized through Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs), implementation frequently falls short, resulting in inadequate representation of the rights, restrictions, and responsibilities (RRR) of all parties and the spatial units involved. These gaps pose tenure security risks for both host communities and refugees. This challenge motivated the central research question: What kind of tenure arrangement can safeguard the rights of customary landholders while ensuring secure access for refugees? The study examined the impact of existing customary land acquisition rules and procedures on tenure security and explored improved practices. It investigated the institutional framework and developed a conceptual model for a tenure arrangement that balances the security needs of both rights holders and refugees. The study followed a single-case design with embedded multiple cases and used mixed methods, including document review, semi-structured questionnaires, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and expert opinions. It also applied design thinking methodology and Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) specialization to develop the tenure arrangement. Findings revealed that current customary land acquisition practices significantly affect tenure security for both host communities and refugees, with more severe consequences for host communities due to deviations from the standard principles of Voluntary Land Donation (VLD). The study proposed more transparent, locally contextualized procedures that align with international VLD standards to minimize insecurity for both groups. It introduced new institutions mandated by local legal frameworks to manage communal land in collaboration with OPM, ensuring tenure security remains central. A tenure arrangement compliant with LADM that recognizes all social tenure rights for host communities and refugees was also developed. The study concluded that current acquisition practices compromise tenure security and presented a more transparent acquisition and institutional framework, along with a tenure arrangement that acknowledges all rights holders. It recommends strengthened, standardized land acquisition practices, formally recognized agreements by the relevant Ministries and OPM, and prioritizing the operationalization of land tenure arrangement for refugees
  • Item
    A machine learning-based risk prediction model for type 2 diabetes mellitus among young adults in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2025) Nassali, Joanita
    ABSTRACT Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health concern, and its prevalence is rising among young adults in Uganda. Machine learning algorithms have demonstrated potential in predicting T2DM risk, but their application among young adults in Uganda remains limited. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and evaluate Type 2 Diabetes Risk Prediction Models for young adults using machine learning, compare the performance of the models in relation to previous research on diabetes risk prediction, utilizing the online Diabetes Databases and to determine type 2 Diabetes risk predictors among Young Adults attending outpatient clinics from Mulago National Referral Hospital. Methodology: This retrospective study extracted data from the medical records of young adults from outpatient Registers from Mulago National Referral Hospital. Supervised Machine learning techniques, including Naïve Bayes (NB), Random forests (RF), logistic regression (LR), support vector machines (SVM), and decision trees (DT), were applied to build the risk prediction model. performance metrics, such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), were used to evaluate the model's predictive capabilities. The models were then compared with previous research on diabetes risk prediction. SHAP values were used to provide interpretability to the Logistic Regression model by quantifying the contribution of each feature to the predictions. Results: Out of the 5 supervised machine learning-based classification predictive models studied, logistic Regression and Random Forest emerged as the most effective models, offering both high performance and interpretability. The Logistic Regression model in this study also outperformed other models, with higher AUC-ROC values than those reported by Chang et al. (0.86), Tigga and Gard et al. (0.92), and Zhu et al. (0.85). Although Random Forest performed better when comparing the study data and the online data. Key predictors of type 2 diabetes include age, Body Mass Index (BMI), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Higher BMI and elevated systolic blood pressure were also associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Also, Hypertension, Family Relationship, Family history, and cardiovascular disease exhibit very strong positive correlations with Diabetes Status. Conclusion: This study shows that machine learning, especially Logistic Regression, is highly effective in predicting Type 2 Diabetes in young adults in Uganda. It is recommended to integrate such predictive models into routine screenings and focus public health efforts on managing BMI and blood pressure for diabetes prevention.