College of Computing and Information Sciences (CoCIS)

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Browsing College of Computing and Information Sciences (CoCIS) by Title

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    Access and use of print newspapers at Makerere University Main Library Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2018) Kobusingye, Caroline
    The study examined access and use of print newspapers at Makerere University Main Library The objectives of the study were to: establish users’ preference for different types of newspapers; identify the type of information users seek from the newspapers; establish users’ preferences for print or online newspapers, identify the challenges encountered, if any, by both users and staff and propose strategies for improvement. The study adopted a mixed research approach. Convenient and purposive samplings were used to collect data from users who frequently visited the two newspaper sections of the Main Library and staff who worked in those sections. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview methods. Findings showed that participants in this study had different reasons for preferring certain newspaper titles and versions. The New Vision was the most preferred newspaper (43%) followed by the Daily Monitor (33%), then Observer (14%) and Red Pepper (10%). The study participants sought a variety of information from the newspapers that included: current affairs, politics, jobs, business, fashion, lifestyles and leisure. Regarding newspaper formats or versions, the majority of the participants (62%) preferred printed to online newspapers but there were some challenges faced in accessing print newspapers namely: limited copies, missing newspaper issues and or pages, and the newspaper sections’ restricted opening hours. Consequently, 38% of the participants preferred online to print newspapers although the unstable internet, the limited number of computers, abridged online versions and limited internet search skills were major challenges that affected access and use of online newspapers if adopted. They also highlighted the following advantages of online version: multiple access, simultaneous access as well as immediate sharing of views and opinions. The participants recognised the general IT infrastructure improvements at Makerere University Main Library in recent years, such as the Learning Commons and the extended Local Area Network that had greatly increased online access, although the number of students tended to overwhelm the existing facilities. Makerere University in general should revisit its expenditure on print newspapers vis-a-vis subscription to online versions. The savings accrued could be used for other reading or scholarly materials. The study, therefore, further recommended a Return on Investment study at Makerere University Library as an area for further research.
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    Access to sexual and reproductive health information among adolescents: a case study of Reproductive Health Uganda (RHU)
    (Makerere University, 2023-10) Kasumba, Geofrey
    This study examined access to Sexual Reproductive Health Information among adolescents at three Reproductive Health Uganda clinics. The objectives of the study were to: establish the information needs of adolescents, identify sources of SRHR information, examine how adolescents access SRHR information and establish the challenges adolescents face while accessing SRHR information. The study adopted a descriptive survey design research approach. Stratified and purposive samplings were used to select the adolescents and health workers from whom to collect data respectively. Data was collected using questionnaires and key informant interviews. The findings revealed that 56% of adolescents access SRH information to make informed decision about their health. The most preferred means of information for adolescents is telephones (12.9%) and meetings (28.8%). Adolescents that preferred to receive information from friends, parents and teachers were 24%, while 22% preferred receiving information from counsellors, doctors and health workers including nurses and in charges at the health facilities. On the other hand, 34% suggested that Radios, Newspapers, Televisions, Internet, Magazines and SMS would be the preferred ways through which information on SRHR should be availed to them. The challenges faced while accessing SRH information included: adolescents receiving information through rumors (40.9%), low knowledge on how to approach and search for information on SRH (31%), lack of interest in SRH information (34%) and Poor infrastructure like power, telephone, postal services, which limit access to SRH information (31.7%). Suggestions were made towards improving access to SRH information at RHU and these included: cascading the Peer-to-peer information approach, availing alternative sources of information and provision of trainings among others. In conclusion, this study identified gaps in information utilisation, access, usage of sources of information and the different information needs of adolescents which vary according to the age bracket of adolescents and mostly influences by their peers. As part of the recommendations of the study, it was noted that there is need for the society to devote time and resources to ensure that the adolescents acquire the desired information from trained personnel to assist make informed decision on Reproductive Health Rights, also the study recommends that parents should be the primary source of information to adolescents since they spend most of the time with them
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    Addressing the challenges of the information and knowledge societies : the case for optimum curriculum in the SCECSAL Region
    (SCECSAL, 2004) Kigongo-Bukenya, I. M. N.
    The paper rotates on the question whether Information Management (IM) curriculum is equally appropriate for Knowledge Management (KM). Using the Conceptual Framework of Knowledge Management Processes (CFKMP), the concepts "Information Management" and "Knowledge Management" are explained and related in the context of optimum curriculum. The processes/activities of information management and knowledge management are examined to identify similarities or differences and to establish the base of knowledge and competencies/skills required. Based on Coral (2005) and comparative analysis of other literature, it is estimated that both IM and KM professionals require similar knowledge and skills competencies. It is deduced therefore that the same curricula would be appropriate for both. The paper further suggests that two strategies could be adapted in teaching of such curricula. The first would be the core-elective approach, whereby IM and KM are taught as electives along the core required by the information profession. The second would be the specialization strategy approach by which IM and KM are taught as different programmes.
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    An adherence monitoring system in antiretroviral therapy
    ( 2007-05) Otine, Charles Daniel
    This study investigated the use of a Multi-dimensional system to improve adherence monitoring in antiretroviral therapy (ART). The high adherence levels required during patient therapy and the consequences of adherence failures (virus mutation to drug resistant strains, treatment failure, fatality) necessitated this study, with the hope that the development of a system would provide a basis for deployment of similar systems in other ART providing centers. An ART providing health centre (Mbuya reach out) was selected as a case study, with data collected from the centre used as a basis for the system design, development, testing and validation. Data was gathered through interviews, content analysis and direct observation; the rational unified process (RUP) of system development was then used to develop the system. Unified modeling Language (UML) was used to document the system development process, producing artifacts such as use case models, domain models, collaboration diagrams and System sequence diagrams. The final system was entirely implemented in open source (MySQL and PHP) and hosted to an online web server with the findings revealing that adherence monitoring can indeed be improved by using the system, but there is still need for further research in protecting the data and the tweaking of the system to enable monitoring not only for adults but for children as well. It is recommended that leading ART providing centers in conjunction with Ministry of health champion the use of the system by training users to exploit the functionality of the system, and encourage use of the system with a goal of developing a comprehensive information base for future studies on adherence.
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    An adjustable usable security approach for a continuous user authentication scheme
    (Makerere University, 2019-11) Kaburu, Dennis
    The advent of the internet and associated technologies have revolutionized the way we live and work. Today, organizations both public and private rely heavily on computer-human interaction systems to deliver services. The quality and reliability of services delivered by these systems depends on controlled access to these systems. Within this realm, security issues of interactive systems are gaining more than ever the attention not only from a technical and security perspective but also from the user's point of view. The security community has come to understand the critical importance of usable security, which is primarily focused on designing secure systems that people can use. In mission, critical systems like online examination and military intelligence, there is need to verify constantly the identity of the user throughout the session of interaction (referred to as “continuous user authentication”). Design and development of continuous user authentication schemes represents a cross-roads priority problem, between security and usability, which emerge from contradictory requirements posed by different stakeholders, inherent to the function and purpose of each security mechanism. Information security experts and information security researchers’ goal is to ensure a high security continuous user authentication scheme while at the same time user experience design experts and researchers (UX) envisage an adaptable, user-friendly solution. This makes the service providers of continuous authentication schemes find a viable balance among security and usability attributes. Accordingly, researchers have proposed a number of approaches to address the issues of continuous user authentication. However, these approaches require user collaboration, which affects user performance on the core tasks in the business processes because of user task interruptions. Thus, the approaches have usability challenges. Henceforth, this work attempts to revisit the definition of usable security by advocating for an alternative approach that enhances the alignment of security and usability attributes to achieve a better synergetic relationship in continuous user authentication schemes. The main focus is to improve usability of user interactions in continuous user authentication schemes according to a user perceived trust obtained from a user dynamic behavior and cognitive-centered technique that reduces disruption of a user during re-authentication. The high level objectives of this thesis are (i) to develop an adjustable threshold approach for a continuous user authentication scheme that enhances synergetic relationship between usability and security attributes; (ii) to develop a low disruptive re-authentication technique that applies when the trustworthiness of a user is below the adjustable threshold; (iii) to validate the re-authentication technique.
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    An adoption framework for electronic customer relationship management in developing countries: Case of Ugandan SMEs
    (Makerere University, 2013-07) Olupot, Charles
    eCRM is an important strategy for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to survive in today’s very competitive markets. eCRM enables SMEs to Venture into new markets both nationally and internationally. However, despite these benefits, its implementation has not been easy for many SMEs. The available implementation methodologies are mainly applicable to the developed countries. These Models and Frameworks are not suitable for developing economies like Uganda mainly because of the contextual differences. These Contextual differences include Organizational, economic, political, cultural factors which vary from those in the developed economies. Additionally, SMEs in the developing economies have not fully embraced social media to tap into its benefits. The study aimed to address this problem by developing a framework for eCRM adoption by SMES in the developing countries like Uganda. The results show that the extended framework for eCRM Implementation should take into consideration the Social CRM as a strategy. Organizational Structure and Organizational Culture were identified as the Major Components in addition to People, Process, and Technology. The Study also proposes Customer satisfaction and customer engagement as measurement parameters. The extended eCRM Implementation framework therefore extends the existing ones with these parameters. The existing parameters included; Implantation phases, Management Support, readiness Assessment, Major factors (People, Process and Technology) and their associated critical success factors, Measurements, and overall assessment parameters in terms of Marketing and Finance. The extended framework will help SMEs to build organizational culture and structures, identify Critical Success factors that are unique to the economies in which they operate. Additionally, the framework proposes new dimension for measuring eCRM performance using Customer satisfaction and Customer Engagement. It is hoped that the extended framework will increase eCRM adoption among SMEs in the developing economies like Uganda. The customized model was validated in a questionnaire based field study.
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    An adoption model to support citizens' participation in eGovernance
    (Makerere University, 2020-12) Nakawuka, Josephine
    As a solution to the low citizen engagement, it is important to increase the number of citizens who participate in policy-making and governance. To fully enjoy the benefits of eGovernance, the citizens should be able to participate in it fully through offering their views, contributions, and ideas in order to build general development of their societies and country at large. Despite the countless benefits of citizen participation in eGovernance, it is still low in the governance space. The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting citizen participation, design a model to support citizen participation in eGovernance, and also evaluate this model to understand its contribution to eGovernance. The study employed the Participatory Action Research methodology because it clearly mapped out our objectives and its cycle was the most relevant for our results achievement. With the use of purposive sampling, convenience sampling, snowball sampling, and data analysis software, relevant data for the research was collected, analyzed, and used to fulfill the objectives of this study. This research provided a solution to the ailing number of citizens participating in eGovernance in the country through the development of an eGovernance adoption model for citizens to support their participation in eGovernance. The study entailed the detailed description of eGovernance in society, citizen participation in eGovernance, the role of Web 2.0 technologies in eGovernance citizen participation, and their contribution to the fulfillment of the study objectives. This study also suggested areas of future research to strengthen eGovernance as a whole and also the overall participation of citizens in eGovernance.
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    Adoption of e-tax services in Uganda : the perspective of the technology acceptance model
    ( 2012) Maiga, Gilbert ; Asianzu, Elizabeth
    The diverse benefits of e-government services are linked to its adoption and usage. E-government adoption rates in economically transiting countries remain low and so its benefits are not fully realized. This is partly because-governments have focused largely on the technical supply-side factors with little emphasis on the demand or consumers’ perspective of e-government adoption. The result has been a gap between what is offered and what is consumed. This paper presents the results of a study that develops a model for e-tax service adoption as an attempt to bridge the gap for this segment of e-government. Requirements for the model elicited in a field study are used to extend the Technology Acceptance Model which emphasizes consumer-based factors for e-tax adoption. The extended model has dimensions of adoption benefits, trust, attitudes, education, compatibility, awareness, accessibility, training, user support and local language use. It is generic and reusable for other countries in similar context.
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    Adoption of social media for scholarly use in Bishop Stuart University Mbarara, Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2024-09) Madia, Begire
    The 21st century has been an era of remarkable advances that have revolutionized the world in ways that the previous generations could not imagine. The emergence of the information age has been a critical driver of this transformation, ushering in the fourth and fifth industrial revolutions (4IR and 5IR), which have brought about unprecedented levels of innovation and progress. The advancements in academic libraries have displayed notable progress, particularly in connection with social media's influence, and this has generated significant interest in its adoption and utilization. The research analyzed how academic libraries use social media tools to promote scholarly engagement among users, using Bishop Stuart University Library as a case study. The objectives were to identify the social media tools used, assess their impact on supporting scholarly activities, identify challenges, and propose measures to enhance social media utilization across academic libraries in Uganda. The study employed a mixed methods research design, combining qualitative and quantitative methods to capture participants' experiences utilizing social media tools for academic endeavors. The target population comprised 9,183 individuals, including 368 registered library users intended for the quantitative segment and 5 librarians contributing to the qualitative aspect. Data was gathered using questionnaires, interviews, and observation techniques. The findings unveiled that BSUL adopted social media tools for scholarly purposes, including WhatsApp, Facebook, and Blogs, for activities such as disseminating information to users, providing reference services, sending reminders, and utilizing WhatsApp for current awareness services and instant communication with users and lecturers. It was also discovered that library users had subscribed to various social media tools including YouTube, Twitter, WhatsApp, Facebook, Pinterest, Instagram, and LinkedIn for purposes such as knowledge sharing, research, social interaction, and communication with librarians, among other uses. Furthermore, both librarians and library users encountered various challenges when incorporating social media for scholarly purposes. Librarians highlighted key challenges such as unstable power supply, hesitance towards social media usage, scarcity of social media-trained librarians, absence of social media policies, staff shortages, and insufficient computers with unreliable internet connections. Library users also mentioned obstacles like financial constraints, electricity supply issues, university policies, lack of smartphones and laptops, slow internet, limited computers with consistent internet access, absence of social media-trained librarians, and inadequate awareness about social media tools. Drawing from these findings, the study proposed recommendations to enhance the integration and utilization of social media at BSUL, including defining specific purposes for social media tools, implementing policies to regulate their usage, and enhancing user services.
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    Agricultural information system development for land use planning
    ( 2007-12) Batte, Richard
    Agriculture and land use planning problems are multifaceted in nature and require information and data incorporation from different sources and disciplines. This dissertation gives an account for the development and implementation of an Agricultural Information System for Land use Planning in Kumi district of eastern Uganda. Stakeholder Analysis (SA) as an approach to gaining understanding of a system by means of identifying key stakeholders and assessing their respective interests has been explored. Structured System Development Methodology (SSDM) was used to elicit the data requirements, data availability, integration and model information processes and data for land use and resource planning. A prototype information system for land use planning and a relational database were designed towards the provision of land use and resource data required for land use and resource planning in Kumi. A user interface was designed for stakeholders to access and update the database. Hyper text Preprocessor (PHP) was used to design the front end of the system with MySQL at the back end. Three perception based variables (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and intension to use) were subjected for measurement and the experimental results of one t-test on the value of each construct found the values of all dependent variables significantly positive. This suggested that the system has a high likelihood of adoption in practice. Internet Explorer 4/7 can be used to browse the information. Users have rights to update the database information but the Database Administrator has rights to modify the database by adding or removing users.
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    An agricultural knowledge-sharing framework for smallholder farmers and agricultural knowledge experts
    (Makerere University, 2018-04) Mwesigwa, Ezra
    Using Participatory Action Research (PAR) as our research methodology, we selected smallholder farming communities in the districts of Apac, Lira, Kumi and Bukedea with a major goal of developing an ICT based knowledge sharing framework between smallholder farmers and agricultural knowledge experts. In order to better understand and sufficiently study the engagement between smallholder farmers and agricultural knowledge experts, we built a mobile tool that was used as a medium for exchange of knowledge between the farmers and the knowledge experts. A combination of data collected from the field using questionnaires, narrative interviews and mobile tool meta data helped us design the knowledge sharing framework which was later implemented and validated for knowledge sharing. The final framework was achieved by extending a knowledge management framework developed by Heisig (2009). Through our developed framework, we emphasize that successful knowledge sharing is achieved by critically harnessing five (5) enablers to knowledge sharing. Chapter 1 of this thesis presents a comprehensive background on the growing information needs of smallholder farmers worldwide and in Uganda. It also presents justification for this study, the objectives and research questions that guided the researchers. Chapter 2 provides a grounded evidence through literature review about previous scholarly works to address the growing information needs of smallholder farmers. Within this chapter, we review a number of knowledge sharing models and frameworks and compare them to one another. We identified existing gaps in the literature reviewed at the end of the chapter. In Chapter 3, we show in detail how Participatory Action Research (PAR) was used to achieve the study objectives. We divided the study in four major stages i.e. Problem Diagnosis, Solution Design, Solution Implementation and finally Evaluation of the implemented solution. Chapter 4 covers the data analysis process. We used questionnaires and narrative interviews to collect data from which we drew meanings and conclusions. Lastly, Chapter 5 presents discussions, recommendations and conclusion of the study.
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    Agro-meteorological knowledge management system for small scale farmers
    (Fountain Publishers, Kampala, 2008) Lwande, Omondi ; Lawrence, Muchemi
    A lot has been done in the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in business yet very little in solving agricultural problems in developing countries. The problem addressed in this paper is the integration of widely available knowledge, processing and providing effective delivery for countries with low ICT infrastructure. Data was collected from small-scale farmers, meteorologists, agricultural extension officers and a research station and analyzed. From this, a suitable knowledge based model was developed. In order to evaluate the model, a prototype was developed and used in tests with sample data. The results reveal that the best way of disseminating agro-meteorological information to small scale farmers is using an integrated knowledge management system and mobile phone technology.
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    Airtime to cash : unlocking the potential of Africa's mobile phones for banking the unbanked
    (International Information Management Corporation, 2009) Comninos, Alex ; Esselaar, Steve ; Ndiwalana, Ali ; Stork, Christoph
    This paper discusses how mobile phones may be used to extend banking services to the ‘unbanked’. Generally, many more people possess mobile phones than bank accounts across Africa. Mobile banking services are already offered as an addition to existing bank accounts. Instead of adding a mobile phone as a complementary channel, why not add a bank account to an existing mobile phone number? This would narrow the access gap considerably, allowing mobile phones to be used to provide financial services to those without bank accounts. Two models are discussed that may help narrow the access gap: first—airtime cash convertibility, already a defacto practice in many parts of Africa, and second—the mobile wallet, which would allow full banking services to be performed on the basis of a virtual wallet linked to a SIM card. Results from Research ICT Africa’s 2007/8 e-Access & Usage household Survey are used to investigate the current usage of airtime as a means of payment as well as the potential demand for m- banking. Regulatory challenges to the adoption of m-banking as well as potential business models and possible models of cooperation between banks and mobile operators are also explored.
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    Analysis of free haven anonymous storage and publication system
    (Fountain publishers, Kampala, 2007) Mirembe, Drake Patrick ; Otto, Francis
    In this paper we evaluate the design of a distributed anonymous storage and publication system that is meant to resist even attacks of most powerful adversaries like the government. We present a discussion of whether the assumptions held in the design of Free Haven System (FHS) are achievable in the real world and the potential implementation handles. We point out the different possible attacks and voice our opinions on the suggested solutions. We end with recommendations on how to improve the FHS design and offer direction for future research efforts in distributed anonymous storage services.
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    Analysis of records management and organizational performance: A case study of Kabale Municipality
    (Makerere University, 2018-08) Najjuka, Vivian
    Abstract The study was on “Analysis of Records Management and Organizational Performance: A Case study of Kabale Municipality”. The purpose of the study was to analyze how records management affects organizational performance in Kabale Municipality. To achieve this purpose, the study was guided by three specific objectives: (a) to establish the contributions made by records management on organizational performance in Kabale Municipality; (b) to assess the factors affecting records management and organizational performance in Kabale Municipality and (c) to identify the strategies that could enhance the contributions of records management to organizational performance in Kabale Municipality. The study adopted a descriptive research design using both qualitative and quantitative techniques. A sample-size of 75 respondents was purposively selected, whereby 58 of the respondents were subjected to questionnaires and 17 respondents were subjected to interview method. The researcher also used the observational method to check the situation and status of the registry and records management practices at hand in Kabale Municipality. The study results revealed that enabling self-governance (19%) in records management was the highest contribution to records management and organizational performance in Kabale Municipality, and the least of the contributions was enabling efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery (2%) respondents. Double commitment (21%) among records officers was the highest rated factor affecting records management and organizational performance in Kabale Municipality. The least was failure to use regulation and guidelines of records management (2%). The most appropriate strategy to enhance records management and organizational performance was motivation of staff (81%) which was equally considered the same strategy as improvement of staff through training and giving them refresher courses (81%). These were followed by computerization of the records management system at Kabale Municipality’s Registry (77%). It was concluded that if the life-cycle process for managing records in municipalities was followed, it would result into: easy access and retrieval of information for the clients; enhanced transparency and accountability in service delivery by municipality staff; efficiency and effectiveness in day to day operations of those who use the records; reduced costs of operations; timeliness in access to information and use of it by all stakeholders. And this would lead to enhanced organizational performance in service delivery. The study recommended that the following should immediately be addressed by the relevant officers and authorities in Kabale Municipality: staffing and training of staff in areas of records management; motivation of staff; usage of compact storage devices and records management software; adequate records storage space and equipment; daily filing of records; following of a records life–cycle process; application of records and archival management policy; top management support; looking for funding; improving security in the registry; adhering to international, national and local policies, Acts and regulations; supervision of the records staff; encouraging of effective participatory decision-making; promoting future planning for records management; using check lists, guidelines and manuals as this would help to analyze the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT Analysis) in records management practices for an improved organizational performance at Kabale Municipality.
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    Analysis of scholarly productivity of the academic staff of East African School of Library and Information Science (EASLIS), Makerere University
    (Academic Research Journals, 2020-08) Oloo, Keziron Eric ; Chelangat, Jospert
    Scholarly productivity measures the quantity of research outputs in peer reviewed journals and scholarly presentations in conferences or other similar gatherings of an individual or an institution. The study analyzed the scholarly productivity of the East African School of Library and Information Science (EASLIS) academic staff for the last 15 years; 2004 to 2019. The objectives of the study were: to establish the scholarly productivity of EASLIS academic staff for the last 15 years (2004 to 2019), to understand the various bibliometric tools used in determining scholarly productivity, and to explore the bibliometric indicators in Publish or perish (PoP) software for the analysis of scholarly productivity. Mixed research method was adopted. Google scholar as a bibliometric tool and PoP software were used to retrieve the data of the 18 academic staff that were included in the study. The findings show that a total of 147 publications were made by 18 EASLIS academic staff from 2004 to 2019; with cumulative citations of 952; h-index of 44 and g-index of 81. Generally, PhD holders at EASLIS were found to have more impact in terms of scholarly productivity than their counterparts without PhDs, thereby making greater contributions towards the overall intellectual capital of the University. It is recommended that scholars publish their works in visible journals such that their scholarly works do not go unnoticed. Academic institutions are also encouraged to embrace the use of bibliometric tools such as Google scholar and PoP software to establish scholarly productivity and impact of their academic staff, and to use such statistics in guiding the recruitment and promotions of their academic staff.
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    Analysis of spectrum sensing in cognitive Internet-of-Vehicles with Mobile PUs and Mobile SUs
    (Makerere University, 2022-04) Muwumuza, Justus
    Existing spectrum sensing algorithms in cognitive radio enabled Internet of Vehicles (IoV) consider primary and/or secondary vehicular user to be stationary. This assumption is unrealistic given that in many situations vehicular users are not stationary. This study developed an analytical model that incorporates the joint effect of the mobility of both Secondary User (SU) and Primary User (PU) where each vehicle is assumed to be mobile and equipped with a wireless device capable of communication and spectrum sensing. The study formally investigates the performance of the proposed approach for cognitive IoV using mathematical analysis. The effect of the SU sensing range, the relative velocity of the mobile SU and PU, the initial separation of the SU and PU on the probability of successfully sensing the PU and on the expected overlap time are investigated. The numerical results obtained from the derived models show that the probability of successfully sensing the PU increases with increase in the SU sensing range. It is further observed that the probability that the SU successfully senses the PU is lower when both SU and PU are mobile compared to the cases where the PU is fixed and the SU is mobile, and where both SU and PU are fixed. It is also noted that the probability that the SU successfully senses the PU decreases with increase in the relative velocity of the mobile SU and PU. The expected overlap time is observed to be higher when both SU and PU are mobile. The expected overlap time is further observed to increase with increase in the relative velocity of considers both mobile SU and mobile PU, it is limited to a situation where there is only one PU and one SU.
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    An analysis of transactions in service-centric systems
    ( 2010-12-13) Tuheirwe, Doreen
    Traditional transaction semantics (usually expressed in terms of ACID properties) and protocols (like two-phase commit) are inappropriate for most B2B (Business-to-Business) applications in SOAs (Service Oriented Architectures). This is because B2B applications may execute over long periods, involve loosely coupled partners, pose multiple points of failure and do not necessarily share business and technical characteristics. Also, B2B transactions span over different administrative domains (companies) with discrepancies in data definitions, service and transaction management. Such transactions require commitments and failure behavior to be "negotiated" rather than to rely on the traditional ACID properties. Since ACID properties cannot be achieved in B2B transactions in case of failures, compensating actions must be used to turn back the system to a state as close to (but not identical with) the initial state. This thesis categorizes the types of compensating actions for various application domains such as distributed production, distribution of goods, booking of services for a common purpose and web shops, to mention a few. To achieve this, use cases are developed for the application domains and from these use cases the typical failures points derived, leading to the detailing of the related compensating actions and then, finally, to the categorization. The same type of compensation may be applicable for, or extended to other different domains that have not been stated in this report. In addition, a demonstrator showing the different compensating actions (by showing transaction progress from the user point-of-view) for one scenario chosen from one application domain was built.
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    Anomaly intrusion detection using deep learning
    (Makerere University, 2022-02) Nabukeera, Lydia
    As computer networks grow due to massive usage, also network attackers are exploring sophisticated ways to exploit the networks hence causing huge damages and loses. Efforts to eradicate network intrusions are always in gear and lately deep learning methods have been used for intrusion detection. However, there still exists a challenge of inadequate real live network based datasets to train deep learning model as most existing datasets are snapshots of real live network environments and others are not publicly available due to privacy rights. Therefore, this study proposed an LSTM model trained and tested with the new dataset that has been developed on a real live network that contains both normal and attack traffic. The LSTM model achieved a training accuracy of 99.92% and a testing accuracy of 99.96%. The proposed model has been validated using Simple RNN model and the hybrid model where both of them performed well which is a clear indicator that deep learning is the ideal method for modelling an intrusion classification model. One existing real network-based dataset has been used for performance evaluation of the three deep learning-based models in this study. The study has two major contributions; A labelled network traffic dataset used for classification of network intrusion threat and hybrid deep learning model composed of LSTM and simple RNN for the classification of intrusion detection threats.
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    Antenatal mental health information provision at China Uganda Friendship Hospital Naguru, Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2024-11) Kutyamukama, Alice Gitta
    Some women experience psychological distress or psychological illness when pregnant or after giving birth. Depression and anxiety are the most widely recognized psychological well-being issues during pregnancy. The study aimed to investigate antenatal mental health information provision in China Uganda Friendship Hospital Naguru in Uganda (CUFHN). Objectives were to: examine Antenatal Mental Health Information (AMHI) needs of pregnant women with mental health challenges, at CUFHN; establish antenatal mental health information services and sources through which information is provided; examine provision, access, utilization, and benefits of antenatal mental health information to the pregnant women with mental distress; determine the barriers, towards provision, access, and utilization of antenatal mental health information. This research adopted a case study research design, with a qualitative research approach. The research further used the interpretivism research paradigm to deal with in-depth variables and factors relating to AMHI. Purposive and Convenience sampling techniques were adopted as sampling strategies. The study found that the AMHI needs of pregnant women at CUFHN were stress management, emotional change, a variety of information and awareness topics, management of antenatal mental health symptoms, and myths and cultural beliefs among women indicating the importance of addressing their antenatal mental health information needs. The services provided by CUFHN to pregnant women included: counseling services, mental health services support, education and awareness through health talks, gender-based violence screening and mental assessment services, information on pregnancy-related complications services, and information dissemination services. The sources through which information is provided include: Television screens, charts, posters, notice boards, experienced peer-to-peer, and brochures. AMHI was accessed through print media posters, brochures; hospital television sets, and information through organized sessions by CUFHN and peer-to-peer support. Barriers included stigma, cultural beliefs, limited access to information, lack of adequate space, lack of awareness, follow-up challenges, and weak referral information provision systems. The study concluded that addressing antenatal mental health information provision among pregnant women is crucial. Timely intervention and support remain crucial for recovery, providing comprehensive information packages regarding these mental health issues is essential to meet xv pregnant women's antenatal mental health information needs and promote awareness. Addressing pregnant women's antenatal mental health needs is vital for enhancing maternal well-being and ensuring informed decision-making among pregnant women, providing comprehensive information packages regarding these antenatal mental health issues is essential to meet pregnant women's antenatal mental health information needs and promoting information awareness. The study recommends AMHI provision and access policy, CUFHN should adopt the proposed model, which the researcher believes should be able to address all the challenges the hospital and the pregnant women are facing. The government of Uganda through the Ministry of Health should support CUFHN to incorporate antenatal mental health information provision to be part of the work policies, CUFHN should provide a safe and private space for pregnant women to express concerns and receive information on guidance, coping strategies, and psycho-education on managing stress, anxiety, and depression