Uganda Forestry Resources and Institutions Center (UFRIC) Collections
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ItemBamboo regeneration and succession in Echuya(NARO, 2003-05-28) Bananali Y., Banana,Echuya was gazetted in 1939 as 'a Forest Reserve. At that time, the forest vegetation consisted of dense evergreen stands of Arundinaria alpina (bamboo) (Howard 1991). .Kingston (1968) report that in 1947the bamboo stems in Echuya were big tall and dense, and hardwood trees and shrubs were scattered in a few places. Botanical field trips conducted by Eggeling (1934), Watt (1956). Kingston (1968) and Davenport. Howard & Mathews (1996) recorded Arundinaria alpina as the dominant grass. Other conspicuous plants in the vegetation included Cassipourea malosana. Afircania volkenii, Dombeya spp. Hagenia abyssinia, Hypericum species, Nuxia congesta. Myrica salicifolia and Faurea salign. However, the present concern by forest ecologists, environmentalists and the local community is that the bamboo shrubs are losing ground to other vegetation types (Banana et a1. 1993). No previous studies have documented this ecological change and the major question answered by this study was, what are the factors leading to the current ecological changes in Echuya Forest Reserve?
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ItemBegomoviruses infecting cassava and their interaction with brown streak viruses in Kenya(Makerere University, 2018-11) Muga, Brenda AkinyiCassava mosaic begomoviruses are known to occur together within the same host and have a high rate of recombination. CMBs have also been reported to co-infect cassava with CBSVs, resulting in enhanced symptom expression. Interaction of virus species within the same group may result in recombination or synergism while interaction between the different groups may result in synergism. This dissertation determined the diversity and level of co-infection of CMBs in Kenya and also examined the nature of interaction of East African cassava mosaic virusUganda (a variant of EACMV: a CMB), with CBSVs. For the first objective, a survey was conducted in the four major cassava growing regions of Kenya namely Eastern, Coastal, Nyanza and Western. The study reported for the first time the occurrence of East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCV) in all cassava growing regions and a high (82.96%) level of coinfection of all CMBs in Kenya. East African cassava mosaic Zanzibar virus (EACMZV) was the most prevalent CMB in all cassava growing regions and had spread from the coastal region where it previously occurred. For the second objective, two CMD resistant varieties and one susceptible variety were used to study the interaction of East African cassava mosaic virusUganda (EACMV-Ug) with the CBSVs: Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV). This study was conducted in a greenhouse at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology in Kenya. Quantitative RT-PCR and PCR analysis were performed to compare viral titre in single and co-infection. In the susceptible variety, Mucericeri, EACMV-Ug was higher when in co-infection with CBSV but lower when in co-infection with UCBSV, compared to single infection. In CMD resistant variety, MM 96/5280, the titre of EACMV-Ug at 3 mpi was raised significantly by both CBSV and UCBSV. For CBSVs, the titre of UCBSV was lower at 3 mpi but higher at 6mpi when in co-infection in the susceptible variety Mucericeri. EACMV-Ug increased the viral titre of CBSV in MH 99/7296. Detection of a previously unreported CMB and the synergism of CMB in CMD resistant varieties call for stringent diagnosis of cassava viruses and development of new sources of resistance to CMD. The findings in this dissertation contribute to the knowledge gap on the complex nature of virus interaction and will contribute to the long term goal of managing and screening cassava viruses.
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ItemBusowe Nature Reserve and Kabunja Private Forest and their users(UFRIC, 2003-08) Uganda Forestry Resources and Institutions Center (UFRIC)
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ItemButto-Buvuma Forest Reserve site report: Third visit, 2005( 2009-02-24) Uganda Forestry Resources and Institutions Center (UFRIC)
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ItemChirungu settlement and Rwoho forest reserve: A site report prepared for presentation to the residents of Chirunga LC1 Mbarara District Administration(UFRIC, 1999) Uganda Forestry Resources and Institutions Center (UFRIC)
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ItemCommunity involvement in natural resources management( 2008-12-10) Abwoli, Y. Banana
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ItemCommunity-based forest resource management in East Africa(UFRIC, 2000) Gombya-Ssembajjwe, William S. ; Abwoli, Y. Banana
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ItemDecentralization of forestry resources in Uganda: realities or rhetoric?( 1999) Abwoli, Y. Banana ; Gombya-Ssembajjwe, William S. ; Bahati, Joseph
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ItemEarly detection of tropical forest degradation: an IFIU pilot study in Uganda.(Environmental conservation, 1995) Becker, Dustin C. ; Abwoli, Y. Banana ; Gombya-Ssembajjwe, William S.
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ItemEchuya forest reserve and its users(UFRIC, 1999) Uganda Forestry Resources and Institutions Center (UFRIC)
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ItemEcological changes following rules in use and anthropology: the case of Echuya bamboo forest, south-western Uganda(The Uganda Society, 2004) Abwoli, Y. Banana ; Tweheyo, M.At the time of reservation in 1935, Echuya Forest Reserve located in S. Western Uganda was dominated by bamboo (Arundinaria alpina Schum) vegetation. Presently, the bamboo vegetation is being replaced by hardwood tree species. In this study, we use both oral and written history to understand the rules in use and use patterns over-time to link rules in use to the observed ecological changes in Echuya Forest Reserve. We conclude that rules restricting setting of fires in the reserve, and rules abolishing harvesting of hardwoods have had an impact on the direction of vegetation and ecological succession in Echuya Forest Reserve during the last century.
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ItemThe ecological changes of Echuya afromontane bamboo forest, Uganda(East African Wild Life Society., 2001) Abwoli, Y. Banana ; Tweheyo, M.Echuya forest reserve was gazetted in 1939 and was then mainly a bamboo forest with very few hardwood trees. However, the current ecological situation shows that hardwood trees are replacing bamboo. This study analysed the current ecological situation in relationship to past ecological changes and influences. Line transects were laid systematically at 1000m intervals across the forest in order to describe the current vegetation variation. Echuya forest has changed in size and composition from 1954 to the present. The area occupied by pure bamboo has decreased from 20.5% to 12.5%. bamboo-hard wood mixture decreased from 48.2% to 26.2% and pure hardwood stands increased, from 16% to 51%. It can be suggested that the exclusion of fire, herbivores and human activities after reservation of Echuya have gradually led to the conversion of the grassland~bamboo ecosystem into a hardwood forest ecosystem. Macaranga kilimandscharia Pax. is the major colonizing hardwood tree species. Most of the gaps are covered with heavy loads of Mimulopsis species climbers, which suppress bamboo growth.
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ItemEffective monitoring of decentralised forest resources in East Africa( 2000-05-31) Abwoli, Y. Banana ; Gombya-Ssembajjwe, William S. ; Bahati, Joseph ; Kajembe, G. ; Kihiyo, V. ; Ongugo, P.
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ItemEnhancing the potential of organic and mineral fertilizers for bean production on contrasting soils(Makerere University, 2018) Kyebogola, StewartSmallholder common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) farmers on Buganda Catena of Uganda predominantly use indigenous knowledge to describe and manage their soils. Low and declining soil fertility which varies along topo-sequence, limits bean production, hence farmers have to improve fertilizer use and grain yield on contrasting soils. The objectives of this study were (i) to characterize three local soil types commonly cropped to beans and (ii) establish the suitable combinations of organic and mineral N & P fertilizers for increasing bean production on different soils. It was hypothesized that (i) the three local soils cropped to beans have similar properties and (ii) combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers to the three local soils gives equal yields. Together with farmers in Masaka district, three local soils mainly cultivated to beans (Lidugavu-black, Limyufumyufu-reddish, and Luyinjayinja-Gravelly) were identified, characterized and scientifically classified. On-farm experiments were carried out during 2015A and B seasons consisting of N & P each at 0, 7.5, and 15 kg ha-1 applied as urea and TSP, respectively, and with three levels of manure (0, 2.5 and 5.0 t ha-1) replicated three times in a factorial RCBD. High and low fertility on black and red soils, respectively, observed qualitatively by farmers was in agreement with results from scientific field and laboratory characterisation. These were differentiated by variability in pH, N, P, Ca and Mg. Highly limiting major nutrients were N and P. Soils characterized as different by farmers were classified as Phaeozem (black), Cambisol (Red) and Umbrisol (Gravelly), topographically located at the bottom, middle and crest, respectively. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in yield in response to combinations of N, P and manure on the different soils. Highest grain yield was on Umbrisol (2495 kg ha-1) at 5.0 t manure ha-1, although this was not significantly different (P>0.05) from that observed at [7.5 kg N+15 kg P +5.0 t manure]. Phaeozem at [7.5kg (N+P) ha-1 +2.5 t manure ha-1] gave yield similar to the highest on Umbrisol. Highest yield on Cambisol (2023.1 kg ha-1) was at [15kg N ha-1 +5.0 t manure ha-1] and this was not significantly (P>0.05) different from that obtained with [15kg (N+P) ha-1 +2.5 t manure ha-1]. Relative yield increase from fertilizer application reached 36% mainly on Umbrisol and Phaeozem. Yield due to combining fertilizers did not necessarily increase significantly beyond what were observed when either input was applied separately at a nutrient rate equivalent to the combination. Resulting yield increase up to 476 kg ha-1 and 291 kg ha-1 on Cambisol and Phaeozem, respectively, were under different fertilizer rates. These results show best fit combinations of organic and inorganic N & P fertilizers to be more effective than application of either of the materials separately. However, determining optimum supplementary nutrients beyond N&P for better yields require an economic assessment for improved farmer decisions.
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ItemExplaining deforestation: the role of local institutions in Ugandan forests: a policy brief(UFRIC, 2001-08) Abwoli, Y. Banana ; Gombya-Ssembajjwe, William S. ; Bahati, Joseph
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ItemFirewood consumption around Budongo forest reserve in western Uganda(MUARIK, 1998) Abwoli, Y. Banana ; Turiho-Habwe, G.Wood fuel is renewable, but its consumption can not be sustained when the rate of harvesting exceeds the growth rate. Per capita consumption of firewood was 0.7 cubic metres in Masindi and 0.6 cubic metres in Hoima district. Sex, family size, and age influenced the levels offuelwood consumption. Willingness to participate in communal management of forest resources was influenced by sex and age. It is recommendcd that conservation of fuelwood resources be encouraged by introducing efficient cooking stoves and other energy saving measures. In addition, communities should be encouraged and facilitated to plant woodlots so as to reduce their dependance on fuelwood resources from communal and government forest reserves.
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ItemThe impact of population density on forest management and use in Uganda( 1997) Abwoli, Y. Banana ; Kaboggoza, R. S. ; Orone, P ; Ssengendo, D. C. ; Aluma, J. R. ; Byarugaba, S. R. ; Atiku, J.To investigate the relationship between population density and forest management and use in Uganda, this study focuses on agricultural communities in four districts representing contrasting population levels, forest resources and relationships between forest cover and population density. The fieldwork, conducted in June - October 1996, employed a variety of data-collection methods, including interviews with local authorities and community members and a simplified version of participatory rural appraisal techniques. The majority of respondents planted trees for fuelwood, poles and fruits, mainly for subsistence use. Generating income from trees was not a major objective. Most farmers in the study communities were poor and had little education. Respondents reported having little knowledge on tree-planting practices, and they lacked planting materials. Population density was found to be negatively related to the size and number of landholdings, to long-term land acquisition and to tree-planting activity, whereas it was positively associated with land fragmentation and land disputes. Short-term access to land, and conditional access in the case of women, discourages the planting of trees, which mature slowly. Land fragmentation increases the distances that farmers must travel to reach their parcels of land, and the long distances prevent farmers from tending to planted trees effectively. Thus, Uganda's high population density, which is likely to increase, appears to be having an adverse effect on forest management.
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ItemIndigenous technical knowledge and forest management: A case study of sacred groves (Traditional Forest Reserves), Mpigi District, Uganda(UFRIC, 1997) Gombya-Ssembajjwe, William S.The high rate of deforestation and degradation of the environment in Uganda are dangerous obstacles to sustainable management of forests and trees in the country and therefore require urgent and consolidated effort of all concerned to address them. So a research study of indigenous knowledge and how such knowledge can be used to conserve the environment is an effort in the right direction. Indigenous knowledge was studied using the Traditional Forest Reserves (TFRs) in Mpigi District, Central Uganda. TFRs are very small forests in size as compared to the government forest reserves. They are governed by non-modern knowledge vis-a-vis modern, scientific knowledge used in management of government forest reserves. Historically, non-modern knowledge has been repressed and unrecognized despite its frequent successes in conserving natural resources. For example, indigenous knowledge can be crucial in community forestry development programs because it involves systems of institutions developed through generation, of self-management that can govern resource use. Several community forestry projects have failed because implementors have not understood the social aspects of such local institutions. As a result they have instead built new institutions that have replaced or undermined the indigenous ones. With the current rate of deforestation in Uganda, a consolidated joint effort of both systems of knowledge (non-modern and modern) for forest/tree resource use and management is essential. However, it is not the purpose of this study to define the best way of integrating indigenous knowledge into scientific knowledge and vice-versa. A total of thirteen TFRs were covered by the study, of which six (6) were not under immediate threat of deforestation, four (4) were under immediate threat, and three (3) were completely deforested. The TFRs are facing increased threat of deforestation for a number of reasons, the most important one being the replacement of non-modern institutions by modem ones. Probably, the challenge for natural resource managers of today might be the interface between local institutions and the formal state institutions.
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ItemIntegrating remote sensing data and rapid appraisals for land-cover change analyses in Uganda(John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2005-08-05) Vogt, N. ; Bahati, Joseph ; Unruh, J. ; Green, G. ; Abwoli, Y. Banana ; Gombya-Ssembajjwe, William S. ; Sweeney, S.Rapid population growth, unsustainable land use, and a pervasively degrading landscape are components of a dominant paradigm regarding African development. While recent work articulating the 'misreading' of the African landscape have begun to challenge this paradigm, much work remains regarding the pervasiveness and character of this misread. A method is presented for investigating mechanisms of land-cover change that combines remotely sensed data, archival data, and rapid appraisals in a way less influenced by dominant paradigms.We present a case where increasing human activity is resulting in accumulationof woody biomass on edaphic grasslands of a forest-grassland mosaic, rather than the expansion of grasslands at the expense of forests as is currently understood in that area. These increases in biomass are stimulated by anthropogenic influences that are shaped by institutional and edaphic factors. We do not claim that resources are being pervasively enhanced across sub-Saharan Africa under conditions of population growth, but that there may be many mechanisms of change, resulting in both degradation and enhancement, occurring simultaneously across sub-Saharan Africa or even intra-regionally within a nation under these conditions. The integration and application of these methods serve to improve applied analyses of land-cover change to better characterize these mechanisms, and avoid the wrong policy prescriptions. Copyright (Q 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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ItemIntegrating remote sensing data and rapid appraisals for land-cover change analyses in Uganda(John Wiley & Sons, 2005) Vogt, N. ; Green, G. ; Unruh, J. ; Abwoli, Y. Banana ; Gombya-Ssembajjwe, William S. ; Sweeney, S. ; Bahati, JosephRapid population growth, unsustainable land use, and a pervasively degrading landscape are components of a dominant paradigm regarding African development. While recent work articulating the 'misreading' of the African landscape have begun to challenge this paradigm, much work remains regarding the pervasiveness and character of this misread. A method is presented for investigating mechanisms of land-cover change that combines remotely sensed data, archival data, and rapid appraisals in a way less influenced by dominant paradigms. We present a case where increasing human activity is resulting in accumulation of woody biomass on edaphic grasslands of a forest-grassland mosaic, rather than the expansion of grasslands at the expense of forests as is currently understood in that area. These increases in biomass are stimulated by anthropogenic influences that are shaped by institutional and edaphic factors. We do not claim that resources are being pervasively enhanced across sub-Saharan Africa under conditions of population growth, but that there may be many mechanisms of change, resulting in both degradation and enhancement, occurring simultaneously across sub-Saharan Africa or even intra-regionally within a nation under these conditions. The integration and application of these methods serve to improve applied analyses of land-cover change to better characterize these mechanisms, and avoid the wrong policy prescriptions.