Makerere University Business School (MUBS) Collection

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Browsing Makerere University Business School (MUBS) Collection by Title

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    Accessing micro credit, borrowers’ characteristic and household income in rural areas: A case of Kasese District
    (Makerere University, 2009-11) Businge, Polic Fred
    Improving household income is one of the major challenges faced by developing countries. Different plans focusing on increasing household income through the use of credit institutions have been developed for example PEAP, 1997, entandikwa scheme and the prosperity for all plan (2006). While doing this they have largely ignored borrowers’ characteristics and business type the borrowers’ engage in. This study therefore examined the role micro credit access, borrowers’ characteristics, business type have towards improving household income for the poor. A sample of three institutions which included Ikongo micro finance scheme, Bukonzo joint credit institution, centenary bank and 131 beneficiaries was chosen out of a total of 32 institutions and 1004 beneficiaries. The study presents empirical findings basing on 82 beneficiaries who responded. Across sectional survey design was used to evaluate the variables above. Correlation coefficients revealed a significant positive relationship between the variables. Multiple regression analysis further revealed that 44.5% of the variance in the household income is explained by micro credit access, borrowers’ characteristics and business type. The study recommends that micro credit institutions should increase funds which borrowers’ can access. Credit institutions should always consider borrowers’ characteristics and business type the borrowers’ are to engage in before giving credit to the potential borrowers’. These factors enable the borrowers’ to use funds wisely and eventually they lead to improved household income of the poor.
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    Accountability and mobilized financial resources: A case study of Central Uganda Conference of the Seventh–Day Adventist Church
    (Makerere University, 2011-04) Jemba, William
    The study investigated Accountability and Mobilized Financial Resources in Central Uganda Conference of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church. The main objectives of the study were to examine the relationship between accountability and building public confidence as well as examining the relationship between public confidence and mobilized financial resources in the Seventh-Day Adventist Church. The study found out that there is a strong relationship between public confidence and mobilized financial resources in Central Uganda Conference. This is because when the Organization builds confidence through openness, transparency and accountability in the way they put to use the mobilized resources from members of the congregations, financial contributions increase. However, it was found out that Central Uganda Conference was performing poorly in mobilization of resources for its activities from the tithe and field advances. This was attributed to the poor accountability mechanisms used that are not transparent to its stakeholders that have led to many decreasing their contributions. In ensuring that there is public confidence, the study recommended that Central Uganda Conference need to confirm to International accounting standards by putting emphasis on openness, disclosure and legitimacy. This will not only restore and promote public confidence but also enable all the stakeholders to own the organization. This in turn will enable the stakeholders contribute more resources towards the success of their organization.
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    Accounting information system, financial decentralization and quality of financial reporting in Kampala City Council
    (Makerere University, 2011-08) Bamwira, John Richard
    The study examined the effect and relationship between Accounting information system, financial decentralization and quality of financial reporting in Kampala city council. The AIS and financial decentralization were the independent variables while quality of financial reporting was the dependent variable. The study adopted a triangulation design consisting of a correlation design which was quantitative in approach and cross sectional in nature. The study population consisted of two hundred ninety members from whom a sample of two hundred five elements was drawn using Krejcie and Morgan method. A combination of census, proportionate stratified random sampling and simple random sampling techniques were employed in selecting members from different strata into the study sample. Two data collection methods namely structured questionnaire consisting of closed questions with five point likert scale and interview guide were used in collecting primary data. Out of two hundred five questionnaires administered, one hundred ninety registered returned posing a response rate of ninety seven percent. The collected data was presented using frequency tables and charts which were analyzed by Factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and Regression model using SPSS. A significant positive relationship was established between independent and dependent variable and forty five percent of the changes in quality of financial reporting in KCC are explained by the accounting information system and financial decentralization. The study also discovered that decision making, budgeting and planning constitutes fifty five percent of financial decentralization. However, decision making alone contributed forty one percent compared to fourteen and ten percent for budgeting and accounting information system respectively.
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    Analysis of educational performance under universal primary education in Gulu District
    ( 2013) Owot, Godfrey Moses
    This study was conducted in Gulu district to analyze the educational performance of UPE schools. Secondary data of 4 UPE schools were used from records at the schools, district and at Uganda National Examination Board (UNEB). Comparison of mean enrolment and mean of division1 score were done. Government expenditure at 1% is a significant predictor of division1 score with positive relationship. An increase in the government expenditure by 1 million shillings in Gulu has lower marginal productivity as compared to a similar increase in other parts of Uganda for example in Mpigi, division 1 increasesby 5 % as compared to 0.24% in Gulu. The study showed that there was no school that had the required recommended Pupil teacher ratio and Pupil classroom ratio. An addition of one more teacher in a rural school increases the percentage of pupils who will get division 1 by approximately 1.5% as compared to an increase of only 0.7 % of the candidates in urban schools. The results further revealed that school uniqueness and differences are key factors that affect the performance in the UPE schools. Lastly it was evident that schools in urban areas have on average 7% points of division 1 higher than those in the rural and also that school characteristics like PTR and PCR were positively correlated with percentage of division1 score and unobserved factors were statistically significant predictors of educational performance. Overall, the conclusion of the study is that government should address the issue of good financial management practices in schools and should increase the rate of posting of teachers
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    The application of environmental management accounting on financial performance of cement industry in Uganda: case of Tororo Cement Industry and Mountain Enterprise Tororo (Uganda) Limited.
    (Makerere University, 2009-09) Wabuyi, Jimmy Franklin
    Social and environmental accounting became a topic of both academic and practitioner research approximately 25 years ago. Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) is becoming increasingly important not only for environmental management decisions and development of environmental management systems (EMS), but also for all types of routine management activities, such as product and process design, cost allocation and control, capital budgeting, purchasing, product pricing and performance evaluation. This research studied the application of environmental management accounting on the perceived financial performance of the cement industry in Uganda. A conceptual framework was developed, relating the environmental management accounting application to the perceived financial performance. A cross sectional research design was used in carrying out the research. The research found that the environmental management application determinants were effective, adequate, good, and the perceived financial performance of the cement industry was in good status. The research study revealed that there is a strong correlation between environmental management accounting application and perceived financial performance. The study recommends that stake holders be provided sufficient timely environmental information, environmental evaluation be carried out yearly, companies keep pace of the government regulatory framework, and that the businesses, investors and society do conveniently understand and track corporate environmental performance to enhance financial performance.
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    Audit committee practices and accountability: The case of public institutions of higher learning in Uganda.
    (Makerere University, 2014-08) Yorac, Nono Walter
    The study examined the relationship between Audit Committee Practices and Accountability of Public Institutions of Higher Learning in Uganda. The study was guided by the following objectives; to establish the relationship between Audit Committee Practices and accountability of Public Institutions of Higher Learning in Uganda; to examine the relationship between the Audit Committee Practices and the Internal Audit function of Public Institutions of Higher Learning in Uganda; and to establish the relationship between Internal Audit function and Accountability in Ugandan Public Institutions of Higher Learning. The cross sectional research design was used for this study and the study used both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, which had close ended questions about the study variables. The data were collected, sorted and edited and thereafter analyzed using a Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS), in which correlation and regression tests were run to establish the relationship between the study variables. The correlation results indicated significant positive relationship between Audit Committee Practices and Accountability; Audit Committee Practices and the Internal Audit function; and Internal Audit function and Accountability. Results from regression analysis further indicated that Audit Committee Practices and the Internal Audit function predicted 31.3% of the variance in accountability. The study recommends that all institutions of higher learning consider forming stand-alone Audit Committees and provide a framework to develop and enhance their practices to contribute towards improved accountability in the public institutions of higher learning as opposed to merely establishing them for compliance with accountability regulations only.
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    Audit rates, penalties, Fairness and tax compliance in Uganda Revenue Authority.
    (Makerere University, 2011-09) Tumwesigye, Simon
    The purpose of this study was to establishing the influence of fairness, penalties, and audit rate on tax compliance. The study was guided by three objectives. That is, to establish the relationship between the audit rate and tax compliance; the relationship between the penalties and tax compliance; and the relationship between the fairness and tax compliance. The study used a cross-sectional design. A disproportionate stratified sampling design was used to select a sample of 278 taxpayers and 152 URA employee respondents. The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Correlation tests (coupled with regression analysis) were run to establish the impact of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The findings reveal a significant negative relationship between audit rate and tax compliance. Furthermore, findings also reveal that there is a significant positive relationship between penalties and tax compliance. Finally, the findings also reveal a significant negative relationship between fairness and tax compliance. Therefore tax fairness is one of the most important variables that can influence tax compliance behaviour. The study recommends that it is important to treat tax payers in a procedurally fair and respectful manner, especially when being committed to pay their share of taxes.
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    Bank lending policy, credit scoring and the survival of Loans: A case study of banks X and Y
    (Makerere University, 2010-09) Naigembe, Miriam
    The study examined Bank Lending policy, credit scoring and the survival of loans in Uganda. Two prominent lending Institutions Banks X and Y were selected in Uganda. These institutions were chosen to represent financial lending institutions which provide long term development credit facilities. The significance of the study was to contribute to the existing knowledge in the area of banking lending services through creation of more income earned from bank’s credit facility. The objectives of the study were to examine the effect of bank lending interest rates of Banks X and Y on the loan amounts to clients; Establish the relationship between bank lending interest rates and the survival of loans, and determine the relationship between credit Scoring and the survival of loans in the loan portfolio of X and Y. A conceptual frame work that links the study objectives named above was used. A longitudinal survey with quantitative data for the period 1998-2004 was used. For purposes of relating the variables, correlation survey design and regression analysis were used. The findings from the study show that Bank lending Policy and Credit worthiness affect the survival of loans in Banks X and Y. High interest rates hurt private sector credit which is the engine of growth thus future growth of the economy will be affected. It was recommended that government should come up with alternative sources of funding to compete with large in flows of external funding. Banks should vary interest rates according to the credit worthiness of the borrower and also proactively monitor their loans from the day the decision to grant the loan is made up to the end of the Loan cycle. This would have created a sense of ownership in both the stakeholders involved that is the lender and the borrower.
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    Board governance, intellectual capital and firm performance
    (Makerere University, 2012-10) Nkundabanyanga, Stephen K.
    The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between board governance, intellectual capital and firm performance and the mediating effect of board role performance on board governance and firm financial performance in the selected Ugandan business firms with a view to establishing a coherent model directed at improving firm performance. As a corollary, the study examined factors relevant for effective board governance, intellectual capital and board role performance in Uganda. The study was cross sectional and quantitative and followed a positivist view of testing pre-specified hypotheses. The study used a respondent sample of 128 service firms operating in Kampala whose directors or managers were the unit of enquiry. Using Structural Equation Modelling with Analysis of Moment Structures for statistical modelling, findings in respect of the main objective indicated that in total, board governance, intellectual capital and board role performance accounted for 23 percent of the variance in services sector firms’ performance. The results also indicated that board role performance is a significant mediator of board governance and firm performance and also intellectual capital and firm performance. This study posted a finding that intellectual capital mediates the relationship between board governance and firm performance. The current study supported a multi-theoretic approach to the explanation of service firms’ performance in Uganda. The study also lent considerable support for the application of behavioural perspectives to firm performance in addition to the traditional control paradigm of agency theory. In the end, this study uncovered the antecedents (observed variables/leading variables) of board governance, intellectual capital and board role performance. Thus the study confirmed board governance, intellectual capital and board role performance factor structure of observed variables and the latent variables - providing models of effective board governance, board role performance and intellectual capital. These models can then be used to provide a trajectory for improving firm performance in services sector firms. Moreover, the importance of interaction effects of board governance and intellectual capital to firm performance was underscored in this study. Thus literature explaining firm performance via board governance only and ignoring the synergistic/complementary effects of both predictors has often missed this important reality. The study contributes to academic research by producing empirical evidence to support theories relevant to the explanation of firm performance. The identified role of intellectual in enhancing board role performance and also firm performance offers specific ways to manage and leverage intellectual capital by the board. For services firms in Uganda, board governance is the major overriding factor for firm performance and, intellectual capital and board role performance intervene for performance improvements. Effective board governance can easily assist the service sector firms by infusing better board communication processes, meetings’ processes and better performance of board roles or activities. This study shows that delivering acceptable firm performance is a function of effective board governance, efficient intellectual capital and effective performance of board’s tasks. It is expected that further studies will theorize the elaborate process from board governance toward intellectual capital to firm performance, as suggested by the investigation of this study.
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    Brand equity, switching costs, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty: A study among selected oil companies in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2009) Kesande, Eunice
    The purpose of this study sought to investigate the relationship between brand equity, customer satisfaction, switching costs and customer loyalty among commercial customers of several oil companies in Uganda. The methodology used took the form of a quantitative cross-sectional survey design with a study population of 165 respondents and purposive sampling techniques were employed in which the respondents were chosen based on a basic ratio analysis. Self-administered questionnaires, physical and personal interviews were used to collect responses. Measurement of the variables of brand equity, customer satisfaction, switching costs, and customer loyalty was done and subjected to rigorous data processing and analysis using the relevant statistical computer software packages. The findings indicated that most consumers affirmed to the fact they are brand aware, associate their supplier’s names with good quality and service, that the quality and pureness of products was high, said positive things about their suppliers to other potential customers and were generally satisfied with their suppliers. Most consumers were not sure whether switching to another supplier would necessarily mean improvement or that brand image necessarily contributed to their sticking to the same suppliers. The conclusions arrived at include the significant positive relationship between brand equity and consumer satisfaction, brand equity and customer loyalty, and switching costs with brand equity. The recommendations made include the need for oil companies in Uganda to remain focusing their marketing strategies in improved brand image which suggests brand quality in order to enhance their customer satisfaction and loyalty.
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    Brand image, self-concept, and consumer purchasing behaviours in the Ugandan Petroleum Industry
    (Makerere University, 2012-10) Musanje, Khamisi
    The study looked at the effects of brand image, self-concept, and brand attachment on customer purchase behaviours in the Ugandan petroleum industry. It was conducted within the five divisions that make up Kampala district which included Kampala central, Nakawa division, Makindye division, Rubaga division and Kawempe division. A sample of 450 respondents was used. The target population was all those customers who fuel or service their cars at the selected fuel outlets and a self-administered questionnaire was used. Stratified sampling was used to consider the five divisions that make up Kampala district. Then using random sampling, selected six petrol stations from each division, creating a sampling size of 30 petrol stations, from which 15 respondents were conveniently selected from each Petrol station in each division so as to come up with a 450 respondent’s sample. Data was analysed using SPSS, generating frequencies for the bio-data information, then factor loadings in ascertaining factors necessary to establish a successful brand image, then Pearson’s (r) correlations in analysing relationships, and finally regression analysis to examine the predictive potential of the independent variables on the dependent variables. Findings revealed that brand image accompanied with understanding the customers self-concept are key components in influencing a customer’s purchase decision. Furthermore, findings also showed that a well-built brand image will create customer brand attachment which is very important in influencing a purchase decision. Finally, findings also showed that focusing on the product benefits, is the most important element in building a successful brand image. Basing on the research findings, recommendations like recruiting people who are skilled, trained and experienced in brand management, focusing a lot of attention on promoting product benefits, setting up performance evaluation checklists at service stations and also setting up incentive schemes for the employees who work at the forecourts with direct contact with the customers were made.
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    Budgetary management and performance of donor funded projects in Uganda: The case of Uganda Bureau of Statistics
    (Makerere University, 2010-11) Dhikusooka, Henry Munaaba
    This study undertook to establish the relationship between budgetary management and budgetary performance of donor funded projects. Under budgetary management, the study focused on dimensions of; individual effectiveness of planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, while under budgetary performance attention was put on; product quality and timely release of project results. The study employed four objectives: to establish the relationship between budgetary management and product quality of donor funded projects; to examine the individual effectiveness of planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation on product quality; to establish the individual effectiveness of planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation and timely release of funds; and establish the effectiveness of budgetary management of donor funded projects in UBOS. The study adopted a cross sectional study design focused exclusively on quantitative approach. It used a sample of 141respondents; comprised of 96 from UBOS and 45 from MFPED. This sample size was established from Krejice and Morgan model. The findings of the study reveal that planning and timely release of funds are significantly positively related. It also established that planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation are significantly positively related with product quality. The study further shows that budgetary management and budgetary performance have significantly and positive relation. A further analysis of regression analysis shows that all the dimensions of budgetary management used in this study explain the variation in the dependent variable by up to about 32%. However, the details show that planning and monitoring and evaluation tend to influence the variation more than implementation. Finally, the conclusions drawn from this study include the following; all the dimensions of budgetary management studied here are directly related with the dimensions studied under budgetary performance. Therefore, any shift in the any of them will influence the dependent variable. The study also recommends that focus is required in strengthening budgetary management system in order to maximize their outcomes. Another important recommendation is that appointed and elected people should focus more attention on the budget management process in order to achieve the envisaged services that they plan to deliver to the people.
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    Business performance, business relationship and trade credit terms offered to clients: The case of wholesale business in Kampala
    (Makerere University, 2012) Otim, Geoffrey
    This study was carried out to examine the extent to which business performance, business relationship affect trade credit terms offered to clients. The objectives of the study were: To establish the level of performance and business relationships of wholesaler businesses, to examine the nature of trade credit terms offered to clients and explain the relationship between wholesaler performance, business relationship and trade credit terms offered by wholesalers. The research was based on a cross sectional survey design. It used both quantitative and qualitative data. The study also used a correlational design in order to establish the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Further still a regression model was used to establish which of the independent variables had a more significant effect on the dependent variable. Simple random sampling was used to select the wholesalers and sample size was determined basing on Krejcie & Morgan, (1970) method of sample selection. Results of the study revealed that there was a weak and negligible positive relationship between business performance and business relationships. There was a significant positive relationship between business performance and trade credit terms. Similarly there was a significant positive relationship between business relationships and trade credit terms. Finally it was established that business relationships contributed more than business performance to influencing trade credit terms wholesalers offer to clients.
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    Business support, collaboration, internal firm capabilities, awareness and access to procurement opportunities by small and medium enterprises in Uganda: A study of Kampala SMEs
    (Makerere University, 2012-10) Namara, Juliet
    The study focused on examining the relationship between business support, collaboration, internal firm capabilities, awareness and access to procurement opportunities of SMEs in Kampala. The case of SMEs was selected for the study following concerns that a minimal proportion consistently accessed public procurement opportunities and others did not. A sample of 282 SMEs from Kampala was used to obtain data from the study and a cross sectional survey design was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS with a focus on descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, regressions analysis and ANOVA tests. Results showed strong significant relationships between the study variables with business support being a stronger predictor of internal firm capabilities, awareness to access to procurement opportunities than collaboration. The findings also indicate that business support, collaboration, internal firm capabilities, awareness predict 27.8% of SMEs’ access to public procurement opportunities; other predictors of access were outside the scope of this study. It was concluded that it is necessary to diversify the sources of business support and harness collaboration with larger public sector firms to increase firm capabilities, awareness and overall access to procurement opportunities. Several recommendations were proposed among which include; Regulation for the SME sector like the public sector; Implementation the cluster based policies for SMEs by PPDAA and professional groups recognizing their contribution to business support among others.
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    Buyer - supplier power, conflict and contract performance in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2012) Sansa, Petra
    The study examined the relationship between buyer-supplier power, buyer-supplier conflict and contract performance in the construction projects in Uganda’s central government PDEs. The study undertook a cross sectional survey design with a population of 126 respondents from which a sample of 97 was drawn. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect responses. Measurement of the relationships of the study (buyer-supplier power, buyer-supplier conflict, buyer-supplier power collaboration and contract performance) was done and subjected to rigorous data processing and analysis using the relevant statistical computer software packages. From the findings, the relationships between buyer-supplier power, conflict, collaboration and contracts performance some were found to be positive and significant whereas others were negative and significant. Results from regression analysis showed buyer-supplier power, conflict and collaboration were significant predictors of contract performance. However, power and collaboration were found to be stronger predictors of contract performance. Therefore, the study recommends that during contract formation, public entities should come up with strategies that promote collaboration whereas at the same time support the use of power as this will enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of buyer-supplier contracts.
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    Buyer-supplier collaboration, adaptation, trust, commitment and relationship continuity of selected private manufacturing firms in Kampala
    (Makerere University, 2010-09) Mugarura, Jude Thaddeo
    The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between buyer-supplier collaboration and relationship continuity of private manufacturing firms in Kampala. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted using a sample of 260 private manufacturing firms from a population of 877. Data collection was conducted using self administered questionnaires to get data from the respondents. Overall, 257 usable questionnaires representing 98.85% respondent rate was attained. Factor, Correlation and regression analyses were used in data analysis. The results indicated a significant positive relationship between buyer-supplier collaboration and relationship continuity. Results also indicated that adaptation, trust and commitment are significant predictors of relationship continuity and collaboration also positively predicts adaptation, trust and commitment. Finally, a number of recommendations are provided. It‟s highly recommended that special attention should be paid to examining the antecedents of instrumental, affective and normative commitment because trust, as one of the most important relationship factors in buyer-supplier collaboration, apparently does not play a major role in relationship continuity. Commitment has been found to create positive and strong effects on customers‟ intentions to continue the relationship. Therefore managers of private manufacturing supplier/buyer firms should keep this in mind when crafting their firms‟ approach to relationship continuity.
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    Capacity building, ICT adoption and quality of records
    ( 2012) Mubiru, John Bosco
    The study examined the relationship between capacity building, ICT adoption and quality of records at the Delegation of the European Union in Uganda (DELUGA). The study undertook a cross sectional survey design with a sample size of 40 projects. Data were collected from the finance officers, ICT officers and records clerks using self administered questionnaires. Data was subjected to rigorous data processing and analysis using the relevant statistical computer software packages. From the findings, the relationships between capacity building, ICT adoption and quality of records were found to be positive and significant. Results from regression analysis showed capacity building and ICT adoption were significant predictors of the quality of records. The study recommends therefore, that since the model could only explain 40.1% of variance in the quality of records of the Delegation, a study be carried out comprising of other factors which were not part of the model. Likewise, to study the true nature and quality of capacity building, ICT adoption and quality of records, a longitudinal study is more appropriate.
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    The capital structure of small scale enterprises and its determinants: The case of metal works and fabrication subsection in Rubaga Division of Kampala District, Uganda.
    (Makerere University, 2011-11) Kasule, Sarah Seguya
    This study examined the relationship between the study variables determinants of capital structure for small sized enterprises. Various theories and studies have been discussed as a prelude to the study. The study made use of a very large and reliable database of Uganda’s small scale enterprises in order to determine the determinants of capital structure. The capital structure aspects covered were total debt and equity and the possible determinants were: Business Characteristics, Information Asymmetries, Product/Market Interactions, and Capital Market Developments. The study adopted models regression models, with several independent variables to analyze the important determinants of capital structures of the traditional industries.. Respondents comprised of 40 firms identified by the public of businesses operated within metal and fabrication workshops located in Rubaga division on small scale activity. Using these, samples of 31 firms were selected using random sampling. Self administered questionnaires were used in the survey and cross tabulations were used to describe the sample characteristics. The results of the study showed that the determinants of capital structure of the small scale industry in Uganda are different from that of the industries in developed countries. In the regression models, the variance-component model had the smallest root for SSE. These indicated that time-series and cross-sectional variations are very important in analyzing the determinants of capital structure in this industry.
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    Career identity, social capital, psychological capital and employability of leadership development program graduates.
    ( 2011) Wandera, Joachim Namala
    The researcher set out to find the relationship between social capital, career identity, psychological capital and employability of Leadership Development Programme (LDP) graduates. To achieve this cross sectional research design was adopted to collect data from 204 Leadership Development Programme graduates. The collected data was analysed; descriptive, correlational and regressonal statistics acquired about the variables of study. Career identity was found to have a weak positive relationship with psychological capital (r =.09** and p <0.01). Social capital was found to have a moderate positive relationship with psychological capital (r =.43**and p <0.01). Psychological capital positively related with employability (r =.46**and p <0.01) of graduates since graduates needed to and p <0.01) of graduates since graduates needed to first acquire work context skills which enable them to meet the performance expectations. The effect of career identity, social capital and psychological capital on the employability was complimented by age and level of education of the respondents. The older and more educated the graduates were the more appealing to the employers. From the findings managers of LDP were argued to equip graduates with a mixture of career and work context experiences to make them attractive to employers and leverage on the existing networks to cause or promote hiring of competent Leadership Development Programme graduates. The LDP ought to put in place avenues that enable students acquire the required skills through structured holiday placements, professional internships and special interventions like work centered skills, adaptability, pro-activity and sponsoring students for post graduate studies to offset the age constraint.