School of Languages, Literature and Communication (SLLC)

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Browsing School of Languages, Literature and Communication (SLLC) by Title

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    A critical analysis of Uganda Human Rights Commission’s Communication and visibility strategy (2019-2024)
    (Makerere University, 2025) Nsajja, Pious
    This study critically analyzed Uganda Human Rights Commission’s (UHRC) Communication & Visibility Strategy 2019-2024. Guided by the Nowak and Warneryd Communication Campaign Model and the Stakeholder Theory, the research examined how media engagement practices, audience segmentation, communication channels, and internal institutional support influence the effectiveness of UHRC’s communication and visibility strategy. The study utilized a qualitative case study research design. The study population and sample size included 15 people, who were purposively selected. Data was collected through interviews and document analysis. The findings revealed that UHRC uses an integrated media engagement approach. The success of these practices is, however, greatly impaired by obstacles that still exist such as budgetary limitations and misinformation. The study also found out that there was no formal guide to audience segmentation. The research established that the vast variety of communication channels employed by the UHRC are traditional media (radio, TV, newspapers), online platforms (website, social media, UHRC App, email), direct contact (community barazas, meetings, human rights clubs), and informational materials (IEC materials, branded items). There was lack of resources in the Public Affairs Unit with no adequate financial support and staffing (only three persons). The communication role and its contribution to the UHRC is not appropriately valued and appreciated. These internal impediments cause systemic obstructions towards realizing the objectives of the strategy since external communication activities cannot succeed without a good foundation internally. The study recommended increasing budget allocation to the Public Affairs Unit, devising a proactive media relations strategy, formalizing a data-driven audience segmentation model. Furthermore, the study recommends tailoring communication to specific audiences, developing a clear communication policy and finding other financial avenues to obtain funds to finance the Commission’s activities.
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    A glossary of hundred unique words and expressions spoken by Ugandans
    (Makerere University, 2025) Kantono, Immaculate
    This work is about a compilation of a glossary of 100 English terms and expressions unique to Ugandans providing us with their explanations and usage. The glossary of words will have their own meaning. Each word will have its own meaning and examples will also be provided for each word. All the words will be explained accordingly. Most Ugandans use unique words and expressions in their lives. Uglish is a blend of English and Luganda words that reflects Ugandan culture and trends. All words in this text will have the standard dictionary meaning; followed by the meaning of Ugandan users. In addition, each word will have a source where the word has been got. The introduction precedes the glossary. After the glossary, provide references, sources where the terms and expressions have come from. This book was written for students, teachers and other people in Uganda to help them learn English better. Each word has been categorized into different categories like category of religious terminology, high school category, category of phones and telecommunication.
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    Access to and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services: Gendered experiences of persons with physical disabilities in urban Kampala.
    (Makerere University, 2012) Ahumuza, Eva Sharon
    In Uganda, like in many developing countries, issues of Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR) among Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) particularly those with physical disabilities have largely remained hidden. This study focused on the gendered sexual and reproductive health experiences of Persons with Physical Disabilities (PWPDs) in Urban Kampala. The study sought to examine the level of awareness of PWPDs’ SRHR, the influence of body image on PWPDs’ sexual experiences and their access and utilization of SRHR as well as assess the mechanisms available for protection and promotion of PWPDs’ SRHR in Urban Kampala. The study draws from qualitative and quantitative data collected through semi-structured interviews with 40 PWPDs (20 male and 20 female) and 10 Key informant interviews with health workers, counselors and leaders of PWPDs and employees of agencies involved in disability related interventions at national level and within Kampala. Study findings revealed high levels of awareness about SRHR among male and female PWPDs in particular their rights to: reproduce, access to justice in case of sexual abuse and to choose intimate sexual partners. In addition, majority of the respondents (93% of the male and 95% of the female respondents) knew that they had a right to access reproductive health care and information services especially services related to STI diagnosis and treatment, HIV/AIDS counseling and testing services, antenatal care services and family planning services. In all the services, females had more knowledge than the males. There was however limited knowledge about abortion services because the practice is illegal. The major source of information on SRH for PWPDs in urban Kampala for majority of females (96%) than males (80%) was the health facilities. Other sources of information on SRH mentioned included; meetings/associations (41% female and 41% male), workshops (40% male and 35% female), radio (40% male) and schools (15% male and 5% female). Overall, just half male and more than half female respondents mentioned that antenatal care, family planning, STI diagnosis and treatment and HIV/AIDS counseling and testing services were within easy reach. Fifty percent (50%) male and 35% female of the study respondents reported that the facilities were inaccessible. While more female than male respondents have ever attended health facilities for different services including antenatal care, STI and HIV counseling and testing services, a number of challenges were highlighted including negative attitude of health workers, long queues at health facilities, distant health facilities and high cost of services. On reproductive rights, study findings show that majority female PWPDs had control over their reproductive lives with regard to the timing, number of children and type of contraception. On the influence of body image, slightly more male than female respondents were negatively affected by their physical appearance with regard to initiation of sexual activity, choice of intimate partner and access to and utilization of health services. Throughout the study PWPDs expressed their struggles to deal with societal attitudes and expectations particularly the belief that PWPDs should be asexual. Consequently discrimination especially for the males at the health centers was reported to be a major concern. Largely, awareness of laws that promote and protect the SRH for PWPDs was generally low among male and female respondents although majority of the respondents were aware of at least one structure involved in the promotion and protection of SRH for PWPDs. Structures mentioned included police, probation and welfare office, Kampala office for PWDs, courts of laws, community leaders. Although there are these structures in place, majority of respondents testified that PWPDs do not access justice in cases of sexual abuse. This was attributed to negative attitude of service providers. Communities and service providers’ negative attitudes emerged as a key constraint to PWPDs’ realization of their sexual and reproductive health rights. Thus both community members and service providers including health workers, police officers and legal staff should be sensitized on the rights and needs of PWPDs so as the adequately support the PWPDs. Sensitization efforts should also target PWPDs themselves to build their self-esteem and confidence and instill in them positive attitudes towards themselves. Government and non-government organizations should increase their levels of assistance to PWPDs and their caregivers to address the practical barriers in access of reproductive health services.
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    Acquisition de compétence interculturelle: le cas des étudiants débutants de la langue française à l'Université de Makerere
    (Makerere University, 2021-03) Wandera, Samuel
    Cette étude visait à étudier l'acquisition de compétences interculturelles par les étudiants débutants de la langue française à l'Université de Makerere. La langue française est enseignée au Département des langues européennes et orientales (DEOL), dans l’école des langues, de la littérature et de la communication (SLLC), au College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHUSS). On s'attend à ce que les étudiants débutants qui apprennent le français pendant une période de trois ans acquérissent la langue sur le plan linguistique, mais aussi deviennent compétents sur le plan interculturel afin de pouvoir interagir et établir des relations appropriées avec d'autres personnes qui parlent français. Malheureusement, ces attentes ne sont pas satisfaites sur le terrain. La plupart des apprenants du français n'atteignent pas le niveau attendu de la compétence interculturelle. L'étude a donc cherché à savoir pourquoi il y avait une dissonance entre ce qui est attendu des apprenants après le cours et ce qui est réalisé après le programme de trois ans. Le contenu du programme d’études, les méthodes d'enseignement et le contexte culturel des apprenants de français et la manière dont ils interagissaient avec les membres de la culture cible (la culture française) ont été examiné pour établir la cause de cette problème. Le modèle ICOPROMO: Adopté de Byram et al. (2002) a été utilisé dans l'étude. Ce modèle souligne la nécessité d'évoluer vers la connaissance interculturelle. Il affirme qu'une approche interculturelle est un objectif central de l'apprentissage des langues afin de promouvoir le développement favorable de la personnalité et du sentiment d'identité de l'apprenant en réponse à l'expérience enrichissante de l'altérité dans la langue et la culture. Les données ont été recueillies auprès d'un total de 67 répondants qui étaient étudiants à DEOL et 4 professeurs de français du même département. Les données de cette thèse sont analysées à l'aide de méthodes mixtes : qualitatives (surtout comment le sujet est lié à la culture), mais aussi quantitatives dans la mesure où certaines données concernant les méthodes d'enseignement ont été collectées sous forme d'échelle de Likert et présentées sous forme de tableaux. Les résultats montrent que le matériel pédagogique a un contenu culturel mais l'enseignement met l'accent plutôt sur la langue que la culture. Surtout, c’est la culture des français considérée dans l’enseignement et les cultures des ougandais ignorées. Pourtant, dans les études interculturelles, il faut une considération de plus de d’une culture. L’étude montre que les cultures des apprenants ougandais sont si éloignées de celles des français. Cela cause des difficultés à transmettre la culture française à ces apprenants. Des recommandations telles que la prise en compte du contexte culturel des apprenants et l'utilisation de matériaux authentiques dans les méthodes d'enseignement ont été faites pour aider à améliorer les situations d'enseignement et d'apprentissage du français à l'Université de Makerere. L'acquisition de compétences interculturelles par les apprenants s'améliorera également. C'est important car l'internationalisation et la mondialisation font désormais partie de notre société et les contacts avec des personnes diverses sont en augmentation.
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    Activities the So/Kadama do during the different seasons of the year
    ( 2022) Oriikiriza, Celestino ; Logit, Mark ; Lokawua, Michael ; Lomeredang, Nakor
    In this recording, the speaker gives information on the activities the So/Kadama do during the different seasons of the year
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    An analysis of the Daily Monitor's coverage of the enactment of the Computer Misuse (Amendment) Act, 2022
    (Makerere University, 2024) Lubanga, Elvis
    The study acknowledges that the media coverage of legislation does not automatically equate to a change in policy direction. Using The Daily Monitor as a case study and guided by the agenda setting theory, the study analysed the coverage of the enactment of the Computer Misuse (Amendment) Act, 2022. The study investigated the key issues focused on by The Daily Monitor, how they were covered and the factors that shaped this coverage. The period studied was from July to October 2022, that is right from when the Bill was first read in Parliament to when the President assented to it into law. Using content analysis, data was collected from the newspaper articles. This was followed by in-depth interviews with 10 respondents who were purposively selected. They included editors, journalists from The Daily Monitor, Members of Parliament, media scholars, lawyers, and activists. From the findings, it was observed that the DM elaborately presented the policy implications of the amendment, while emphasising the law's potential effects on freedom of expression. The newspaper’s coverage also scrutinised the law’s alignment with national and international legal standards, on access and dissemination of information without frontiers. It further explored the political contexts surrounding the Bill. The factors that influenced The Daily Monitor's coverage include its role as a watchdog, the Editor’s and Journalist’s self-interest in the law, commitment to news values that front balanced and elaborate reporting, and responsiveness to the flow of public feedback. Despite reservations voiced by some stakeholders, the newspaper's critical standpoint against the amendment did not halt the passing of the Law. The study recommended that The Daily Monitor (DM) enhance its coverage of social justice concerns, increase the visibility of legislative issues on prime newspaper pages, maintain balanced reporting by presenting diverse viewpoints in articles on sensitive topics like freedom of expression, and broaden engagement with marginalised groups rather than focusing on the elites. The study emphasised the importance of transparency, accountability, more so when a media house is confronted by a conflict of interest, and continuous public education remain key in media practices to foster informed public discussions and democratic participation.
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    An assessment of the deepfake environment around university students using Whatsapp in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2025) Memory, Harold
    Cognizant of the growing threat posed by deepfakes, this study assessed the deepfake environment among university students in Uganda, focusing on WhatsApp usage at Makerere University. Specifically, it examined students’ level of access to deepfakes and how they evaluate such content. Using an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach, the study collected data from 80 undergraduate students through an online survey, and from key informant interviews. The findings were analysed thematically based on two core digital media literacy components: digital content awareness and digital content evaluation. Theoretical grounding was provided by the Information Manipulation Theory and the Analysis-by-Synthesis Model. Results revealed a high level of exposure to deepfakes, with 98.7% of respondents having encountered them at least once on WhatsApp, and seven in eight students reporting regular exposure. However, only 40% of respondents were familiar with the term “deepfakes”. WhatsApp features such as group chats, status updates and push notifications were identified as major channels of exposure. Despite frequent interaction with deepfake content, students demonstrated limited capacity to critically assess or verify such material. While some attempted to cross-check or research content, the majority lacked consistent evaluation strategies. The study also found limited institutional support or oversight from the university, leaving students vulnerable to misinformation. The findings underscore the urgent need for digital media literacy integration into university curricula, coupled with stronger policy frameworks and platform accountability to curb the spread of deepfakes. The study contributes to emerging literature on deepfakes in African contexts, and provides a foundation for further research in digital deception and content evaluation.
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    Analysing translated metaphors in Amaka ga Bawansolo and Eby'edda Bisasika
    (Makerere University, 2024-12) Nambooze, Harriet
    Authors of literary texts often use metaphors in most of their writings. Chinua Achebe and George Orwell are among the writers who use metaphors to convey meaning in their texts namely; Things Fall Apart and Animal Farm respectively. These texts were translated from English into Luganda by J.B Walakira and Cranmer Kalinda respectively. The aim of the study was to analyze the translation of metaphors and their meanings in Animal Farm and Things Fall Apart as was done in the Luganda texts namely; Amaka ga Bawansolo and Eby’edda Bisasika. Specifically, the study set out to identify the metaphors in the selected source text (ST) and examine how the metaphors were translated in the target text (TT). In addition, the study intended to examine the quality of translation of the metaphors used by the writers in Amaka Ga Bawansolo and Eby’edda Bisasika as target texts. The study adopted a qualitative approach to research as well as a descriptive research design. Document analysis was used as the main method of data collection. The metaphors in the ST were compared with those translated in the Luganda versions, with the view of finding out whether there are deviations or misinterpretation of the metaphors in the TTs. In this study, three main types of metaphors namely conceptual/structural, orientational and ontological were identified. Study results show that there were a number of deviations in the translation of these metaphors, especially those which fell in the ontological category. It was further observed that, the deviations in the translation of metaphors in Animal Farm and it’s to Luganda version were more than those in Things Fall Apart. This is partly explained by similarities in African cultures. Further still, a number of metaphors in Animal Farm, especially the ontological metaphors were not translated in Amaka ga Bawansolo and this was due to the differences in cultural and political settings of the two STs. The study results indicated that in both TTs translators are recommended to pay full attention to the usage of the figurative language as used in the ST so as to ensure the maintenance of the same empirical meaning in the TT.
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    Analysis of lexical and phonological variations in contemporary Lusoga
    (Makerere University, 2025) Babyale, Sam Cox
    The study focused on analysing lexical and phonological variations in contemporary Lusoga. Its primary aim was to investigate the nature and extent of these variations in spoken Lusoga. Specifically, it identified and categorised the lexical and phonological differences present in contemporary Lusoga, while also examining the linguistic and contextual factors contributing to their existence. Research was conducted among native Lusoga speakers across three districts in the Busoga region: Iganga, Luwuka, and Kamuli. Districts such as Jinja, Mayuge, Kaliro, and Namayingo were excluded due to their mixed tribal populations and multilingualism resulting from migration. The study employed descriptive and comparative research designs to identify, categorise, and analyse lexical variations and their causes. Qualitative data were gathered through questionnaires aimed at sociolinguistic categorisation of respondent variables, semi-structured interviews, participant observation, word lists, and key informant interviews. These methods targeted native Lusoga speakers from diverse age groups and dialectal backgrounds. The study was grounded in linguistic variation theory, particularly the first wave pioneered by William Labov (1963 & 1969), which emphasises documenting language variation and change within communities. Findings revealed numerous lexical and phonological variations in contemporary Lusoga, influenced by factors such as language contact and borrowing, migration, economic activity, occupation, age group, and education. The research contributed to a deeper appreciation of linguistic diversity among Lusoga speakers, promoting unity and pride. It also provided valuable resources for authors of Lusoga educational materials and textbooks, such as dictionaries, and established a foundational framework for further research in sociolinguistics, dialectology, and language preservation. Keywords: Lexical and phonological variations
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    Analysis of phonological errors in online task-based environments: the case of learners of English as a Second Language (ESL) in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2025) Namara, Chance
    The study investigates phonological errors made by learners of English as a Second Language (ESL) in online task-based learning environments in Uganda. It identifies, describes, and examines the nature of the phonemic errors based on learner recordings during communicative tasks. Undoubtedly, limited research is available on the learners of English as a second language in Uganda, specifically, in online task-based environments. The study adopts a task-based methodology where learners engage in language use, and their utterances were transcribed using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) via PhoTransEdit. Error description follows Landi‘s (2008) typology, while Katamba‘s (1989) phonological framework guides the analysis of the underlying factors. Findings reveal that four of Landi‘s six error categories: substitution, omission, addition, and blend were identified. Movement and exchange errors were not observed, due to their association with planned rather than spontaneous speech. Substitution errors dominated other categories, particularly the ones involving vowel and consonant sounds such as /i/, /ɛ/, /aɪ/, /r/, /l/, /h/, and /z/. Notably, the study identifies a novel compound phonemic error, where multiple error processes co-occur within a single lexical item. The study further identifies phonological simplification as the primary factor why most of the identified errors occur. The study concludes Landi‘s (2008) framework accounts for the majority of errors, and Katamba‘s (1989) framework fully explains factors why these errors occur in leaner speech. Future research should expand the participant base to capture regional variation, evaluate the impact of digital feedback tools on pronunciation improvement, and develop context-sensitive correction strategies tailored to Ugandan learners. Keywords: Error Analysis, phonological errors, task-based learning, online learning, English as a Second Language.
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    An analysis of revenue sustainability models for online publications in Uganda : a case study of ChimpReports
    (Makerere University, 2025) Etadu, Joseph Godfrey
    This study analyses the revenue sustainability models utilized by online publications in Uganda, using ChimpReports as a case study. It explores the existing revenue models, the influence of technological advancement on revenue models adopted by ChimpReports, as well as investigating challenges faced by ChimpReports as online publication as it struggles to stay in the market. Study findings are grounded on purposive in-depth interviews conducted on 10 personnel, who included the Director, 2 Online Editors, 2 Marketing officers, 2 finance officers, and 3 Reporters. Findings revealed that ChimpReports relies on diversified revenue streams, online presence, brand partnerships, cost efficiency, and high-quality content for financial stability and audience connection. The study also highlights Challenges faced by online media publications, which include managing diverse income streams, balancing free and premium content, optimizing online presence, creating sponsored content, financial management, and adapting to reader preferences. Anchored in the Political Economy theory of the media, this study also highlighted ChimpReports' financial model, thriving through diverse income streams, online presence, brand partnerships, cost efficiency, and quality content. It also found out that technological advancements play a pivotal role in online media operations, refining content, targeting audiences, and exploring non-traditional revenue sources. The study recommended ChimpReports’ adoption of a sustainable model, incorporating diverse revenue streams, strategic technology use, high-quality content, as well as continual exploration of new income streams, enhanced user engagement, strengthened brand partnerships, optimized financial management, and embracing emerging technologies for sustainability.
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    Analysis of the coverage of Ebola virus disease in the New Vision and Daily Monitor Newspapers
    (Makerere University, 2022-03-23) Nshabohurira, Doreen
    This study set out to analyse the coverage of the Ebola Virus Disease in New Vision and Daily Monitor newspapers. The study is guided by three specific objectives: 1) To assess the extent to which the media gives prominence to issues relating to Ebola Virus Disease outbreak (EBV), 2) To find out which aspects of Ebola Virus Disease outbreak New Vision and Daily Monitor newspapers focus on, and 3) To identify the differences and similarities between the New Vision and Daily Monitor coverage on Ebola in 2012 and 2019. The study used content analysis of Daily Monitor and New Vision newspapers and in depth interviews with editors and reporters as methods to collect data. Agenda setting theory underpinnes the research which covered three months; July and August 2012 and June 2019. The study found out that in 2012 and 2019, the New Vision and Daily Monitor newspaper provided to a greater extent prominence and wide coverage to the Ebola outbreak. In their coverage, two newspapers focused on the origin of the virus, outbreak of the EBV, prevention and treatment, role of NGOs and role of media among others. The study further found out that the two newspapers aimed at creating awareness and also providing a platform for sensistization of the masses. In terms of difference, the study found out that Daily Monitor’s coverage was more sensational and omitted positive information which, was not the case with New Vision. Finally, the study makes recommendations on how to improve media coverage of outbreak and for further research.
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    An analysis of the female images portrayed in Rukiga Proverbs
    (Makerere University, 2019-10) Kanyesigye, Joan
    This research studied an analysis of female images in Rukiga proverbs in the South Western Uganda, in the area formerly known as Kigezi. It aimed at establishing whether women were given a positive image, a negative one, or both .It looked at the case studies of three sub counties in three districts of the Rukiga speaking area. These are Nyarushanje Sub-County in Rukungiri district, Ikumba Sub-County in Rubanda district and Kihiihi Sub-County in Kanungu districts. The above Districts were considered as Kigezi as they were called before British colonization. The Rukiga language is rooted in an intensely oral culture which manifests a propagation of art forms expressing their wealth of music, dance, drama and other oral art forms .Another indicator of the literary wealth of Rukiga is the constant flavouring of speech performance with proverbs as the spice of oral expression. Basically this study analyzed proverbs to find out the female images portrayed, that is, to assess whether they are positive, negative or both. The study also evaluated which genre, men or women, is portrayed more positively or more negatively. It also documented the ‘dos’ and ‘don’ts’ meted out to men and women by proverbs in Rukiga. Lastly, it made critical assessment of the proverbs of the Bakiga as social statements capable of establishing the relationship between men and women The presentations of results focused mainly on the findings from the field and the analysis by the researcher. The number of male respondents corresponded to that of female for equal representation of results. The study basically focused on background information of the folklore of the Bakiga, that is, beliefs, practices and norms. The proverbs which is part of Bakiga’s folklore was found to use animals, plants and other elements in the surrounding ecosystem as symbolism to reflect on and critique human behaviour. Proverbs were ultimately found to portray the community’s way of life. They showed society’s perception of issues of gender roles, access to and control of resources as well as power relations. The content was finally put under eight chapters. Chapter one and two were characterized of background and introduction to the study as well as literature review among others .Chapter three was about Feminist Theory used to analyse research findings, Chapter four explained the methodology used and chapter five and six and seven were for data presentation. Chapter Eight finally viewed the recommendations and constraints encountered in trying to accomplish the study.
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    Applicative verbs in Ruruuli-Lunyala : structure and meaning
    (Makerere University, 2021-02-10) Atuhairwe, Amos
    Applied verbs in Bantu languages have largely been investigated as allowing a new object NP within the subcategorization of their base verb, leading to a change of valency with the new NP often giving a certain thematic role. However, less attention has been put on the role of the applicative in supporting the notion that argument projection may be aspectually determined (Kennedy & Levin, 2008; Tenny, 1992). I observed that all applicative verbs in Ruruuli-Lunyala can be used with specialised overt telicity markers kakyarumwei ̳‘completely’/ ̳‘very’/ ̳‘a lot‘ and bwereere ̳‘for nothing’ in constituent order subject –verb –applicative adverbial/telicity marker –object. To specificy the relationship between these degree modifiers and applicative morphology, and how this can inform telicity, and the classification of applicative verbs in Bantu languages was a puzzle. I provided an in-depth understanding of applicative verb structure and meaning. I examined the formation of applicative verbs in Ruruuli-Lunyala. I also investigated the relationship between telicity and syntactic contexts of applicative verb. I then analysed semantic roles and discourse properties of the applicative objects. I used corpus and participant observation methods of data collection in light of Basic Linguistic Theory. Data was integratively analysed using the lexical software of WordSmith tools. The research findings indicated that applicatives can be realised by derivational morphology involving morphological patterns of vowel harmony, suffixation, segment deletion (s) and compensatory lengthening. Ruruuli-Lunyala is depicted as partially asymmentrical and partially symmetrical with regard to the syntactic object behavior. I identified seven types of semantic roles associated with applicative objects, namely beneficiary, location, goal, instrument, patient, possessum and temporal. The summation of mean of the topicality status of applicative objects using Thompson‘s (1990) topic worthiness properties was found at 52%. I conclude that applicative verbs can be classified into two types, namely atelic and telic applicative verbs. I classify Ruruuli-Lunyala as semi-(a) symmetrical language. I also conclude that Ruruuli-Lunyala applicative form can change from single applicative (-er/-ir) to double applicative (-er-er/-ir-ir) in present and perfective, respectively. The post-verbal ̳applied object‘ position/applicative adverbial position can be called the ̳‘applied constituent position’ for both the ̳‘applied object’ and ̳‘applicative adverbial’ are ̳‘applied constituents’. I call for further intra and cross-linguistic studies involving Ruruuli-Lunyala in general since this language is overly under-researched.
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    Archival evidence of language change : morphological adaptation of English words in Runyankore-Rukiga
    (Makerere University, 2024) Twinomugisha, Brandon
    This study investigated how English words adapt to the morphological structure of Runyankore-Rukiga, and whether the adaptation mechanisms change over time. Through language contact, Runyankore-Rukiga has borrowed words from English among other languages, adapting them to its morphological system. This study argues that there are different adaptation mechanisms of English words in Runyankore-Rukiga which were not yet exposed. This study specifically explores English words in Runyankore-Rukiga by word class, domain, and period of occurrence in the language; and analyzes the morphological adaptation mechanisms of English words in Runyankore-Rukiga. A selected sample of Runyankore-Rukiga newspapers: Buseesire, Ageeteeraine, Orumuri and Entatsi as well as spoken utterances on selected radio talk shows broadcast on Radio West were collected. Using the classification theory of loan words by Winford (2003) as a theoretical framework, Runyankore-Rukiga loan words were studied to unravel the morphological adaptations and how they fit into Runyankore-Rukiga’s morphological structures. The results of the study indicate that English nouns typically adapt through affixation to align with the language’s noun class system, while verbs undergo significant morphological changes to express tense, aspect, and negation, among other structures. Additionally, morpho-phonological adjustments are made to adhere to Runyankore-Rukiga’s phonotactic rules, with a notable increase in phonological nativization for technological terms since the early 2000s, reflecting technological advancements and shifting adaptation strategies. Historically, the study shows a shift from extensive morphological adaptation through affixation in the mid-20th century to more phonological nativization in recent decades, highlighting the language’s adaptive flexibility. By documenting historical trends and current adaptation strategies, the study offers valuable insights for linguists and contributes to the broader field of linguistic adaptation of loanwords.
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    Assessing communication practices on pre-eclampsia/eclampsia at antenatal clinics at Kawempe National Referral Hospital
    (Makerere University, 2024-08) Tuhaise, Mildred
    Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia remains the second leading cause of maternal deaths in Uganda but the leading cause of death at Kawempe National Referral Hospital, responsible for over 42% of maternal deaths. However, there remains a gap in knowledge and awareness about pregnancy. This study investigates communication of pre-eclampsia at antenatal clinics, which are the focus for information dissemination to expectant mothers at Kawempe National Referral Hospital. Building on the Health Belief Model and the Knowledge divide theory, the qualitative research study employed seven in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions to find out the information women receive at antenatal clinics and pre-eclampsia specific information, the emphasis on prevention of the condition and the challenges faced in communication about preeclampsia, also unearthing how better communication on pre-eclampsia can be done. The study findings reveal a broad lack of or limited understanding of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics due to inadequate communication about the condition, regardless of its severity and prevalence. This inadequate awareness is exacerbated by the overcrowded antenatal clinics, which deter interactivity among health educators and pregnant others, inadequate resources like public address systems, and language barriers, as communication is done only in Luganda and English. Also, myths and misconceptions of preeclampsia relating to witchcraft or punishment for infidelity further hinder the effectiveness of communication efforts. The study thus recommends the elevation of the pre-eclampsia profile within the antenatal care curriculum by dedicating adequate time and resources to comprehensive pre-eclampsia education, the introduction of more interactive educational methods, such as workshops, group discussions, and personalised counselling to engage pregnant women more effectively and cater to different learning styles, expansion of educational efforts beyond the clinic setting to include community outreach programs, use of influential figures and testimonials in pre-eclampsia education and addressing staffing gaps at the hospital.
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    Assessing media coverage of technical, vocational education and training in Uganda: a case study of New Vision and Daily Monitor
    (Makerere University, 2023-01-11) Yeka, William
    The study examined the coverage of technical, vocational education and training (TVET) in Uganda by analysing the content of two Ugandan dailies, New Vision and Daily Monitor. The main objective of the study was to find out where TVET ranks on the media agenda. The study specifically sought to understand whether vocational education was a priority, how it is portrayed and if the manner of coverage influences students’ willingness to take up TVET. Data was collected using content analysis and key informant interviews with purposively selected respondents. The researcher analysed content of the two dailies published between January and June 2010 and between January and June 2017, and interviewed six key informants. The purpose of the interviews was to provide depth and breadth to the results of content analysis. The study was based on the agenda-setting and framing theories while the concurrent nested strategy guided the collection and analysis of data. Findings indicate that the media paid little attention to TVET. This is reflected in the few stories published by both New Vision and Daily Monitor. Of these, the majority were run by New Vision. Many of the stories were not on any of the prominent pages or sections. However, their tone was largely positive. Additionally, it was discovered that Uganda’s print media mostly use experts as sources, followed by politicians. Parents and students are least represented in the media on matters of vocational education. Enrolment was identified as the best indicator of whether the media has had a positive impact on TVET. Ministry of Education and Sports records indicate a rise in students enrolling for TVET. However, the numbers are almost negligible when compared with trends in other forms of education. The study recommends the implementation of specific activities targeting the media to improve appreciation of this form of education by reporters and editors. Given the economic environment where the media operates, the study also calls for investment in the media by government and development partners to allow for improved coverage of the sector while at the same time ensuring that New Vision and Daily Monitor stay in business.
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    Assessing strategic communication for selected NGOs in Kampala
    (Makerere University, 2016-09) Mubangizi, Micheal
    Strategic communication has been identified as key in improving stakeholder perceptions, increasing stakeholder confidence, harmonizing organizational communications by preventing contradictory and confusing messaging as well as increase visibility of the organization’s work. This study examines the degree to which NGOs apply key tenets of strategic communication in their information sharing mechanisms. The study concentrated on NGOs in Kampala with emphasis on Action Aid Uganda (AAU), Development Network of Indigenous Voluntary Associations (DENIVA) and Collaborative Development Kawempe (CODEK.) Situated in the agenda-setting theoretical framework which stresses the role of the media in influencing public thinking and what the public views as important and what is not, the study was premised on the belief that as change, service delivery and social mobilization agents, NGOs need to be more strategic in their communications if they are to achieve their goals which include influencing government policies, public perceptions, advocacy and rallying people to embrace positive behaviours and practices. It used a mixed methods approach combining both qualitative and quantitative approaches but relying more on the qualitative approach with questionnaires, interviews and review of secondary sources as data collection methods. The study found that strategic communication is not well established in NGOs. They apply some principles of strategic communication while ignoring others. The study found that while NGOs have communication strategies, their communications are not always informed by those strategies. In order to strengthen strategic communication in NGOs, this study recommends that NGOs prioritize planning and fundraising for their communications and dedicate a minimum of at least 5% of the overall project costs to support their communication functions. In their coverage and training, media houses and training institutions should also take NGO reporting as a beat akin to other specialized reporting fields such as parliament, court, crime and business
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    Assessing the effect of interactive radio programming on children empowerment in Uganda: a case of children’s programme on Kagadi Kibaale Community Radio (KKCR)
    (Makerere University, 2023-11) Businge, Julius
    The study assessed the effect of interactive radio programming on children empowerment in Uganda with particular focus on the children programme on Kagadi Kibaale Community Radio (KKCR) (91.7FM) in Kagadi and Kibaale districts, Western Uganda. Specifically, the study sought to establish the relationship between child-led radio talk shows, children radio listening clubs, children radio panels and children empowerment by the children programme on KKCR in Kagadi and Kibaale districts. The study used a cross-sectional survey research design, and adopted the mixed methods approach. Data collection was aided by self-administered questionnaires and key informant interviews. Pearson‟s correlation co-efficient was used to determine whether there was linear relationship between interactive radio programming and children empowerment. The findings of the study revealed that child-led radio talk shows (r =.514** p < 0.05), children radio listening clubs (r =.696** p < 0.05) and children radio panels (r =.508** p < 0.05) positively affect children empowerment in Kagadi and Kibaale districts. The study concluded that organising and ensuring child-led shows on KKCR, children-focused programmes, children radio listening clubs and time for children callers on radio are critical practices for a change in children empowerment by the children programme on KKCR in Kagadi and Kibaale districts. The study recommends that KKCR management increases the frequency of children‟s programme to improve children empowerment.
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    Assessing the translation quality of the English Bible into Leb Lango: a case study of the Biblical Gospels
    (Makerere University, 2019-08-07) Ochieng, Peter
    The key concern of this study was to investigate the quality of translation of the Bible from English into Leblango. The study was motivated by the observation that a number of phrases and expressions in Leblango did not tally in meaning and style with those in English, and thus were not accurate. According to Nida’s theory of dynamic equivalence, which guided this study, translation means reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message in meaning and style. Data was collected by means of written questionnaires and voice recorded interviews. 1 Bishop, 4 translators, 2 priests, 2 elders, 3 church dignitaries of lower cadreand 6 lay people (teachers) were interviewed regarding extracts from the Lango Bible translation that was presented to them. The findings from the study indicate that, much as the translators adhered to the standard procedures and methods of translation known to them at the time of translation as well as consultation with the then existing language experts, certain errors inevitably entered into the translation from unforeseen sources. These include wrong spelling, wrong punctuations, semantic irony, use of certainuncalled-for Luo words in place of the actual Leblango words and wrong phrasing. The study finally came up with recommendations about the possible future review of the Bible to ensure that the language used is standard as well as reflecting the actual current usage acceptable within the ethnic community of the Langi and exhorted that this be done by consulting Leblango orthography. This study shows that it is necessary to carry out translation exercise following the recommended and standard grammar and orthography in order to be free from errors and to produce quality document. In conclusion, the study highly recommended the use ofLeblango orthography, which has been developed by the Lango Language Board. Correct standard orthography was not used at the time of translation of the Bible into Leblango. This led to a series of mistakes, errors, flaws and alarming inconsistencies in the Holy Book. In a special way, the meaning was seriously distorted, estranged and became lost. Therefore, the quality, especially in the aspect of accuracy of translation, was for the most part wanting as it was compromised and no longer objective. This would ensure that the lexicon is not tampered with in any way and therefore the integral message is carried forward.