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    The state of Ugandan bibliographic control and strategies into the Twenty-first century
    (MCB UP Ltd, 2000) Kigongo-Bukenya, I. M. N.
    Abstract: The origins of librarianship in Uganda are indicated and the legislation affecting bibliographic control in the country described. Issues are discussed including publishing, a national library and national bibliographic agency, information technology, education and standards. Factors affecting the current state of bibliographic control in Uganda are examined and relevant agencies and publications listed. Strategies for further development are put forward and recommendations made
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    The influence of the catholic charismatic renewal on the faith of the people of kahunge catholic parish, Fort-Portal Diocese, uganda.
    (Makerere University, 2005) Musiimenta, Samuel
    The study on the Catholic Charismatic Renewal elaborates humanity’s desire to lower God through prayer so that his or her prayers may be answered. This is because man and woman are always aware of their finite situation and long for the infinite. The words of St. Augustine that God has made us for Himself and our hearts are restless until they rest in Him, express its powerlessness in mankind and always urge them to seek God’s power in everything they do. The community of Kahunge expresses this powerlessness through the Catholic Charismatic Renewal. The community has attempted to integrate this in the prayer life of man and woman in the community. The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of CCR on faith of the members of this Parish community. In examining the influence of Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Kahunge Parish, only six Church centres where the movement is active were sampled both males and females were randomly selected. The researcher used three instruments for data collection, questionnaire, observation schedule and interview schedule. After testing the hypotheses, the results showed that the influence of CCR on faith is of great significance. The movement has changed the lives of the people. It has also made them more committed to their call. With this discovery therefore, the recommendations pointed out that the church should incorporate the renewal movement in the Christian life and liturgical celebrations
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    Opportunities And Challenges Of Resettlement And Protection Of Internally Displaced Persons In
    (Makerere University, 2005-06) Sarah, Olive otuku
    of challenges in the form of uncertainness of the peace process, fear of mines and unexploded ordinances, lack of availability of adequate social and humanitarian services in areas of resettlement. Some of the challenges experienced by the IDPs during the resettlement process are due to the changes in their social lives and relations during the period of displacement. Other challenges were however due to structural problems such as the lack of availability of social service infrastructure in resettlement areas. Recommendations towards the improvement of the situation include more especially interventions in the areas of security, clearance of unexploded ordinances and other abandoned remnants of war, provision and rehabilitation of social service infrastructure and the need to involve and encourage the IDPs to participate in the resettlement, early recovery programmes and development programmes to enable them revitalize their ABSTRACT The study was conducted in Pader district, one of the districts that was worst affected by the LRA conflict in northern Uganda. 95% of the total population of Pader district were displaced into IDP camps and neighbouring districts, as a result of the twenty year old armed conflict in northern Uganda. With the improvements in the security situation from the year 2005 to date, the IDP population in Pader district have been resettling to either transit sites or homes of origin. The objective of the study was to find out the opportunities that the IDPs had for resettling; the challenges and protection threats that IDPs were exposed to during the resettlement process and to generate facts, figures and qualitative information on perceived needs and attitudes of IDPs towards resettlement in light of the ‘improved’ security situation in Northern Uganda. Data was collected from the field by use of questionnaires, and focus group discussions. Prior made reports and written materials from the UNHCR and other humanitarian agencies operating in the district like ICRC, UNICEF, WHO, OCHA, WFP and the district local government were also reviewed and consulted. Findings from the study are presented by use of tables, figures as well as descriptive methods. Findings from the study indicate that the IDPs were displaced in areas within and outside the district. Three resettlement patterns of the IDPs was established by the study; which include resettlement without movement among those that reside within a reasonable distance from their pre-displacement homes, resettlement with movement where the IDPs were resettling in sites
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    Management of post harvest ridge blackening of okra (abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench) pods
    (Makerere University, 2006) Katende, Ronald
    Okra (Hibiscus esculentus) has become a potential non-traditional agricultural export for Uganda since 1993. However, quality is still the biggest constraint and needs to be improved to successfully expand Uganda’s export market. Ridge blackening is the most common quality problem of okra in Uganda. In an effort to manage ridge blackening of okra, three experiments were set up in 2003/2004 to develop a reliable method for determining the severity of ridge blackening on okra pods, to establish the relationship between frequency of handling of pods and severity of ridge blackening and to evaluate field packing as a feasible method for management of the problem. An ordinal rating scale for determination of severity of ridge blackening was developed and its accuracy and precision was compared with the visual estimation scale based on Horsfall-Barratt. Using this scale, seven varieties of okra (“Pure luck”, “Lucky five”, “Greenie”, “Nirali”, “Pusa sawani”, “Clemson Spineless” and “Ever lucky”) were screened for varietal resistance/ tolerance to ridge blackening and two methods of postharvest handling of okra were investigated. Under the conventional (pack-house) method, okra pods were harvested and transported to a pack-house facility where sorting, grading, packing and cooling were carried out, while field packing involved sorting, grading and packing in the field, and transporting of the products to the pack-house cooling facility. The number of times the pods were handled, the severity of ridge blackening, weight loss of pods and microbial load on pods were recorded for the two handling methods. The results of the study showed that the ordinal rating scale was more accurate in measuring ridge blackening of okra at all levels of severity (1-100%) compared to Horsfall-Barratt (1945) visual method which tended to overestimate severity below 25 %. Okra variety significantly (P<0.05) affected the severity of ridge blackening. Variety ‘Pusa sawani” showed the lowest severity while variety ‘Clemson spineless’ and ‘Nirali’ showed horizontal resistance as a high incidence of ridge blackening but low severity. Variety ‘Pure luck’ and ‘Ever lucky’ showed very high severities of ridge blackening figures 3 a. and b). Field packing led to less handling of pods (35 times) compared to conventional packing (48-59 times). This resulted in significantly (P<0.01) lower severity of ridge blackening, lower microbial load and lower rates of weight loss during storage. It is recommended that growers adopt varieties with relatively higher resistance to ridge blackening and minimize the number of times the pods are handled and should consider field packing where applicable.
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    The effect of motivation on teacher retention in public secondary schools in Nakifuma county, Mukono District.
    (Makerere University, 2007) Ecimon, Thomas
    The researcher set out to find the effect of motivation on teacher retention in public secondary schools in Nakifuma County, Mukono District. The purpose of this study was to determine how the factors of motivation which were prompt remuneration, responsibilities, and in-service training affected teacher retention in public secondary schools in Nakifuma County. The researcher used the sample survey design to collect data from the population. The study population composed of 169 teachers from the selected public secondary schools in Nakifuma County and by using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table of sample size specification, the sample composed of 118 teachers. The researcher used the questionnaire as the data collection instrument because it provided a quicker means for collection of information from such a large sample. The data that was analyzed using the statistical program for social sciences (SPSS) from which the Chi–square test was used to find the relationship between the factors of motivation and teacher retention and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was used to determine the extent to which the factors of motivation affected teacher retention in public secondary schools in Nakifuma County. The researcher found out that prompt remuneration was a motivation factor that was commonly used in public secondary schools in Nakifuma County to retain teachers. This was because teachers in these schools gave value to their work when there was an anticipated reward such as prompt remuneration. Responsibilities such as being a head of department, director of studies, and other responsibilities in a school increased on the teachers’ performance in their respective duties however these responsibilities did not necessarily motivate these teachers to continue working in a particular public secondary school for a longer time. In-service training was not commonly used as a motivation factor to retain teachers because it involved high costs in terms of providing facilitators to train teachers and the results of the training would take long to be realized by the school. The researcher also found that some teachers after acquiring the extra skills through the in-service training developed a tendency to leave the parent school for either promotions or greener pastures. Therefore public secondary schools should endeavor to promptly remunerate their teachers such that they can be able to meet their basic economic needs through the money they earn from these schools. Teachers should to be given responsibilities in a public secondary school as this makes them to develop a sense of belonging to the school. In-service training should be incorporated into the public secondary schools’ curriculum because it enables teachers to acquire new skills, knowledge of content, and attitudes towards work, while uplifting and maintaining teacher effectiveness and efficiency.
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    Challenges of translating folk stories from Runyankore-Rukiga to English
    (Makerere University, 2007) Zabajungu, Boniface Kerere
    Translation requires assessing and interpreting the meaning of a source language text and expressing the same meaning faithfully and idiomatically in the receptor language. This study has examined the cultural and linguistic challenges of carrying out literary translation between two unrelated languages, on the basis of a sample of five folk stories from Runyankore-Rukiga to English. The former has agglutinating features, which make it semantically and syntactically versatile through the use of derived affixes. English uses inflectional grammatical categories, such as tense, case, gender, number and mood. Where there have been no near equivalents in the receptor language, descriptive phrases have been used to convey the source text’s intended meaning. The “today past/historical present tense, marked with a long vowel, mostly “–aa-/-ee-,” is popularly used in Runyankore-Rukiga to narrate folk stories. This tense makes the narrated succession of events seem to be closer and more appealing to listeners and readers. The English simple past tense, mostly marked by the suffix “-ed,” has been used to translate the narrative clauses of the source today past/historical present tense. The challenges encountered have been noted and applicable generic abstractions drawn out from them. Recommendations have been made towards promoting further literary translations and disseminating literature. Folk stories and literature in general creatively deal with themes about human life. The five folk stories for this study depict the cultural view of the Banyankore and Bakiga about marriage for promoting, not only the nuclear family, but also the extended family through collateral kinship. The fifth story seriously challenges the traditional regard for a witch doctor’s claimed supernatural power of emandwa, i.e. idols, and talismans/amulets to provide divination, healing and protection to life; or negatively to harm a client’s adversaries. Through oral re-telling, radio and television broadcasting as well as through publishing of folk stories as books their didactic and entertainment value can benefit the source language speakers: by fostering a reading habit, literacy and laying a base for development. Through translation the same values can be shared across cultures and languages and thereby add a human factor to the on-going process of globalisation.
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    Effects of land tenure on physical planning in Uganda: a case of Kampala City
    (Makerere University, 2007) Mwesige, Godfrey
    There are different land tenure systems in Kampala city with competing legitimacy claims under the different systems. Despite the laws and regulations put in place to guide and regulate physical planning, planned developments continue to co-exist with informal and illegal developments and the situation seems to vary from one tenure system to another. The general objective of the study was to assess the effects of land tenure systems on physical planning in Kampala City. The specific objectives included; assessing the level of physical planning and development of land under different land tenure systems, determining the relationship between land tenure systems and physical planning in Kampala City, identifying the implications of land tenure systems on physical planning of Kampala city and proposing viable options aimed at counteracting land tenure constraints to effective physical planning. The researcher collected data from 80 respondents of whom 25 were purposively selected and 55 were randomly selected from land owners in Kasubi and Kawempe. Data was collected using a combination of in-depth interviews and questionnaires as well as analysis of secondary data sources. The findings of the study show that KCC lacks commitment and financial resources to compensate land owners whose land is affected by proposed developments as such most structure and detailed plans are not implemented. The findings also showed that the majority of developments in Kampala do not conform to the city’s development plans, building rules and regulations. The researcher also discovered that physical planning on public land is more effective as opposed to physical planning on privately held land. Further, the study results show that the most significant land tenure constraints to physical planning is landlords holding unto prime land and resisting KCC’s planning decisions. The researcher therefore concluded that overall, planning of land under the different tenure systems is not effective. Tenure insecurity and lack of enforcement of planning regulations are highly responsible for the poor quality of planning in the City. The researcher made recommendations based on the findings of the study and these included; designing an effective and sound land registration and titling system, introducing of land taxation, and attaching more emphasis on the physical planning function of KCC. The researcher also proposes areas for further research.
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    Cash and food crop production in Semuto Sub-County, Luwero District 1980 – 2002: A comparative study.
    (Makerere University, 2007) Gakwandi, Gaetan
    Crop production in Semuto Sub County has experienced changes from traditional crops such bananas and robusta coffee to crops like vanilla and upland rice. In this dissertation, a comparative study of cash and food crop production from 1980 to 2002 in Semuto Sub County, Luwero District was conducted. The study specifically sought to identify the main traditional food and cash crops, area covered by them in the past and at present, factors responsible for the changing patterns in crop production, implications of increased cash crop growing on food security and on livelihoods of people. The primary data were collected using participatory rural appraisal and structured questionnaires. Field observations, in depth interviews, focus group discussions and secondary data supplemented the questionnaires. Secondary data were obtained from reports and other documents from various offices. A total sample of 162 respondents including the Luwero District Agricultural officer, Extension officer, Sub county and parish chiefs, local people and local leaders were consulted. Data collected was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Scientists (SPSS). Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis. The results showed that crops like coffee, maize, beans, millet and bananas were the traditional crops grown by people in the 1980‟s. Currently, cassava, bananas, beans, sweet potatoes, maize, groundnuts, yams and irish potatoes are the major food crops while rice, vanilla, coffee, maize and bananas are the significant cash crops grown in Semuto sub county. Although the data show that the majority of the people grow cash crops rather than food crops, the difference is not significant within Semuto Sub County. This is a generalized picture of the sub county that is bound to change with analysis of individual parishes. In addition, research findings indicate that, there has been an increase in area (hectarage) covered by these crops from 1980 to the present. The reasons for the change in types of crops included introduction of other cash crops, acquisition of more land to grow crops and availability of markets for cash crops. Research findings also indicate that cash crop production has contributed to food insecurity, food shortage in households and less attention given to food crops. Lastly, the study found out that there are both positive and negative implications of increased cash crop growing on the welfare of people
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    Teachers’ literary knowledge, training and students’ performance in the novels p310/3 in selected secondary schools in Busia District
    ( 2007) Nabudde, Margaret
    This work on literature was meant to establish whether Teachers’ Literary Knowledge affects students’ performance in final examinations in the novel at A’ Level in selected secondary schools in Busia District and was guided by these questions: 1. What literary skills do teachers of literature P310/3? 2. What is the effect of teachers’ knowledge of literary skills on students’ performance in the novels at A’ Level? 3. What is the relationship between teachers’ training and students’ performance? Data was generated from 54 respondents of whom 9 were teachers of literature at A’ Level, 4 were headteachers and 48 were students offering literature at A’ Level in Busia District. The study was carried out using a descriptive cross-sectional survey research design to cater for the different categories of subjects. Data was collected using observation, interviews, questionnaires and discussions. The teachers filled in teachers’ questionnaire, while students filled in the students’ questionnaire. The Headteachers were interviewed following an interview guide. The researcher observed some lessons in the classroom while the teachers were teaching. The analysis was done basing on the bivariate level where cross tabulations were obtained and test statistics obtained using the independent variables against the dependent variable. The findings of this study gave recommendations to benefit teacher trainers and teacher trainees, the department of literature in the National Curriculum Development Centre (N.C.D.C), A’ Level teachers of Literature in English and future researchers. Training of teacher trainees should emphasize literary skills and content so that by the time they go out to the field, they are in position to teach the novel competently and students benefit.
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    E-learning practices in teaching, learning and research at Makerere University, University of Dar Es Salaam, and University of Nairobi
    (Makerere University, 2007) Walimbwa, Michael
    The practice of e-learning in universities is here to stay. This study is a structured description of e-learning practices in Makerere University, the University of Nairobi and the University of Dar es Salaam. The practice of e-learning is taking root in these universities however, the practical indicators and utilization of the same e-learning is anecdotal. Even more, the attitude towards the use of e-learning has not enhanced its full utilization in instruction, learning and research. The study takes a qualitative design with an exploratory and descriptive focus in which instructors and students participating in e-learning in the three universities are targeted and sampled. Interviews guides, checklists, observations schedules and focus discussion group guides were designed to reach out and collect views from instructors and students concerning e-learning practice with the objective of identifying the indicators and practice of e-learning, the utilization and attitudes towards the practice of e-learning in the three universities. There is a trace of the origin of e-learning in these universities. The research discovered that the selected universities have e-learning infrastructure with instructors and students having various perceptions about e-learning. There was a basic procedure of participation in e-learning. The aim of e-learning in these universities was discovered to have a basis on improving teaching and learning. The practice of e-learning is apparent, though scanty. In addition, the attitude towards e-learning is mixed because the general context in xiv which e-learning is practiced is largely based on narrow perceptions. This has led to the under-utilization of the potential of e-learning in instruction and research. For enhanced use of e-learning in instruction and research, the indicators and practices of e-learning must be clear to all the participants. To be clearly defined is participation through harmonization of policies, which will eventually change attitude towards the practice. Enhanced practice of e-learning has a basis in teamwork by all the stakeholders. It takes patience and resilience to attain full realization of the benefit of e-learning that should be a guiding principle for the practice. Generally, more studies in e-learning are vital and will go a long way in enhancing the implementation of the e-learning projects in universities.
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    Leadership challenges in the management of community development projects: A case study of World Vision Kasawo Area Development project.
    (Makerere University, 2007) Wamala, Patrick
    This research was carried out in Kasawo Sub-county, which is found in Mukono district and has 41 villages with a total population of 31,149 people. World Vision Uganda operates an area development programme in this sub county. This programme is managed through local councils and village committees in implementation of several development initiatives. This research is based on the need to identify the leadership challenges involved in managing community development programmes. These local council committees are often not representative of the all classes of people in these communities with the poor and other disadvantaged groups marginalized from participating in leadership on these committees. This study was geared towards, assessing the overall effectiveness of leadership by local councils in implementing community projects and based on the assumptions that representation through village councils is the best strategy of ensuring involvement of the people in their development and that the poor and marginalized actively participate through local committees in their development. During the survey, quantitative data was collected using questionnaires that were administered to serving members on existing local councils and affiliate development committees from the 4 sampled villages out of 41 villages in the area namely: Kikandwa, Nongo, Nsanvu and Nassejjobe. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were also held to collect qualitative data about these committees. Survey data collected was analyzed using SPSS 11 and relevant data interpretation consequently done. Results from the study revealed that leadership on village committees is cautiously elected by communities based on criteria often established by the communities themselves but which often evaluates one’s capacity and ability to lead others, this criteria often times eliminates or places the poor, women, disabled and the elderly at a disadvantage compared with other groups or classes of people in these communities as regards representation and active involvement in leadership on these committees. Efforts to sensitize communities on the need to involve everyone in their leadership should be taken up by all development agencies and government since majority of the respondents did not regard representation on village committees as an important aspect of ensuring participation of everyone in development programmes.
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    Challenges faced by Ugandan textile industries in accessing duty free trade to the USA markets under AGOA
    (Makerere University, 2007) Tusubira, Rebecca
    The African Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA) is a bilateral Agreement between the United States of America and 48 African Countries that offers increased preferential access for African exports to the US market for purposes of broadly improving the welfare of the population in beneficiary African countries. The Act extends GSP benefits (duty and quota free market access) for eligible Sub-Saharan beneficiary countries up to September 2015 (previously 2008 before extension) subject to specific rules of origin and governance related requirements. The study’s major objective is to assess the challenges faced by the Ugandan Textile Industries in accessing the duty free trade to the US market and entails: Examining the historical development of Uganda Textile Industry before AGOA, analysing the various ailments in the Textile Industry in Uganda within AGOA arrangements and examining the constraints involved in the implementations of AGOA. Recommendations are based on the information provided by different stakeholders of the textile and industry on the way forward towards meeting the US market demands. Qualitative data was obtained on socio-economic characteristics of the various people engaged in this trade. The data collection method used included the use of the questionnaire, in depth interviews with key stakeholders (i.e. textile/ factory firms, government institutions, all complemented by review of previous reports on the same subject. In terms of findings, the major challenges faced by the textile industries were the cost of financing, government’s lack of policy framework concerning textiles and other constraints that cause inefficiency such as the cost and productivity of labour and qualitative factors affecting competitiveness Finally the study recommended that government should be actively involved in regulating the incentives given to the textile firms and encourage other institutions to competition, productivity and innovations in the textile industry in Uganda.
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    Implications of the international biotechnology legal regime on the preservation of indigenous knowledge (IK) in Uganda:
    (Makerere University, 2008) Barugahare, Edwin Muhereza Kosia
    This study examines the relevance of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the TRIPS Agreement to a developing country like Uganda. Indigenous Knowledge (IK) preservation mechanisms have been perceived as an opportunity through which developing countries can achieve sustainable development. It remains unclear as to whether such mechanisms will be beneficial to developing countries like Uganda. The problem is compounded by the fact that Indigenous Knowledge is strongly linked to developmental and economic issues with the result that if a country was to do away with such knowledge without adequate compensation, its economic development would be seriously affected. The study also analyses how the Organization of African Unity (OAU) Model law on Community Rights and the Control of Access to Biological Resources, relates to the CBD and the TRIPS agreement, how it resembles and differs from the two international legal regimes providing for indigenous knowledge and the implications this has Uganda being signatory to the model law. The study analyses how the contradictions existing at the international and regional level will have far reaching implications on Uganda as far as compliance and the drafting of national laws is concerned. The study reviews Uganda’s Laws and Policies relevant for IK preservation vis-à-vis the tensions and convergences existing between the CBD, the TRIPS Agreement and the OAU Model Law. It also makes proposals and the required reforms necessary for the establishment of an effective regime of IK preservation. The study finds that there is no specific legislation and policy dealing with issues of indigenous knowledge in Uganda and as such the knowledge is vulnerable to exploitation without benefits accruing to the beneficiaries. Finally, the study recommends possible measures to fill in that lacuna.
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    The effect of hiv on growth of malnourished children under five years during follow-up at mulago hospital in kampala, uganda
    (Makerere University, 2008) Mbaziira, Ssenkusu John
    Introduction Globally, of the 2.3 million children living with HIV/AIDS under 15 years, two thirds (63%) live in sub-Saharan Africa. In Uganda, approximately 100,000 children < 15 years are living with HIV/AIDS, which is 10% of all people living with HIV. On average, stunting (a deficit in height for age) and wasting (a deficit in weight for height) affects over 40% and 10% of under-5-year children, respectively in developing countries. Studies have shown that the HIV prevalence in malnourished children is high. However, it is not clear whether the management of malnutrition in HIV infected children should be different from that of malnourished HIV non-infected children. Objective To determine the effect of HIV on growth of malnourished children under five years during follow-up at Mulago hospital, Kampala Methods The study design was a retrospective cohort employing quantitative methods of data collection and was conducted at Mwanamugimu Nutrition Unit, Mulago Hospital by reviewing medical records between January 2007 and March 2008. Malnourished children under five years during follow-up were eligible for the study with HIV positive children as the exposed group and HIV negative children as the non-exposed group. All children with complete records meeting the eligibility criteria were included in the study. Baseline parameters were documented at discharge into the Supplementary Feeding Centre and follow-up parameters at one-month follow-up visit. The outcome variables were weight gain, change in weight for height, and weight gain velocity. The extraneous variables were Illnesses at discharge and at one month follow-up visit, age, sex and immunization status. Results One hundred and eight children treated for malnutrition were enrolled in this study. Thirty eight (35.2%) children were HIV positive and the rest were HIV negative. Fifty five (50.9%) were male while 53 (49.1%) were female. On average HIV positive children gained less mean body weight (0.58 kg) and had a less weight gain velocity (3.15 g/kg/day) compared to 0.65 kg and 3.18 g/kg/day respectively for HIV negative children. Although the difference in mean weight gain and mean weight gain velocity between malnourished HIV positive children and HIV negative children was statistically significant, the difference in change in weight for height which is a better measure of wasting (than weight gain and weight gain velocity) was not statistically significant. Conclusion and recommendation HIV does not affect growth of under five malnourished children in the first one month of follow-up after discharge. The current Ministry of Health policy on nutritional management of under five malnourished children which does not provide for special management of malnourished HIV positive children during follow-up should be maintained. Introduction Globally, of the 2.3 million children living with HIV/AIDS under 15 years, two thirds (63%) live in sub-Saharan Africa. In Uganda, approximately 100,000 children < 15 years are living with HIV/AIDS, which is 10% of all people living with HIV. On average, stunting (a deficit in height for age) and wasting (a deficit in weight for height) affects over 40% and 10% of under-5-year children, respectively in developing countries. Studies have shown that the HIV prevalence in malnourished children is high. However, it is not clear whether the management of malnutrition in HIV infected children should be different from that of malnourished HIV non-infected children. Objective To determine the effect of HIV on growth of malnourished children under five years during follow-up at Mulago hospital, Kampala Methods The study design was a retrospective cohort employing quantitative methods of data collection and was conducted at Mwanamugimu Nutrition Unit, Mulago Hospital by reviewing medical records between January 2007 and March 2008. Malnourished children under five years during follow-up were eligible for the study with HIV positive children as the exposed group and HIV negative children as the non-exposed group. All children with complete records meeting the eligibility criteria were included in the study. Baseline parameters were documented at discharge into the Supplementary Feeding Centre and follow-up parameters at one-month follow-up visit. The outcome variables were weight gain, change in weight for height, and weight gain velocity. The extraneous variables were Illnesses at discharge and at one month follow-up visit, age, sex and immunization status. Results One hundred and eight children treated for malnutrition were enrolled in this study. Thirty eight (35.2%) children were HIV positive and the rest were HIV negative. Fifty five (50.9%) were male while 53 (49.1%) were female. On average HIV positive children gained less mean body weight (0.58 kg) and had a less weight gain velocity (3.15 g/kg/day) compared to 0.65 kg and 3.18 g/kg/day respectively for HIV negative children. Although the difference in mean weight gain and mean weight gain velocity between malnourished HIV positive children and HIV negative children was statistically significant, the difference in change in weight for height which is a better measure of wasting (than weight gain and weight gain velocity) was not statistically significant. Conclusion and recommendation HIV does not affect growth of under five malnourished children in the first one month of follow-up after discharge. The current Ministry of Health policy on nutritional management of under five malnourished children which does not provide for special management of malnourished HIV positive children during follow-up should be maintained.
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    Impact of HIV/AIDS on the livestock-producing communities of Uganda: case studies of Moyo and Kashumba Subcounties
    (Makerere University, 2008) Lagu, Charles
    This study on the impact of HIV/AIDS on the livestock-producing communities of Uganda was carried out in Kashumba and Moyo sub counties. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaire administration, focus group discussion which was guided by use of focus group check list, and others were use of observation guides for social phenomena and review of secondary data. The main objective of this study was to determine the impact of HIV/AIDS on the livestock producing communities in Uganda. The study showed that there was significant reduction in the availability of labour for grazing and watering for livestock in both Moyo (χ2=5.200, p=0.023) and Kashumba (χ2=13.958, p= 0.001); There was significant shift in decision making and implementation from household heads who have died to surviving household members as for livestock grazing and sale of livestock products, Moyo (p= 0.019), (p=0.017), Kashumba (p= 0.009) and (p=0.041). The study found out that there was significant reduction in grazing and watering time for livestock activities, Moyo (p=0.005), Kashumba (p=0.003). It was observed that Animal source foods generally reduced in the households affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. There was considerable loss of self sufficiency in food security. The study documented livestock husbandry practices that could aggravate the effects of HIV/AIDS namely, rigours of grazing leading to exhaustion, spraying leading to inhalation of the acaricide fumes that are toxic to the body, and consumption of drug residues in livestock products leading to drug resistance against some of the common antibiotics like penicillins and tetracyclines. The study also highlighted the role of livestock which included main source of income and employment. The study recommended that livestock sector should plan ahead and work towards AIDS–competent communities in Uganda. This will enhance community baseline assessment, community action strategies, and integrated plan for informing community timely and effectively. Social cohesion should be strengthened, nutritional education should be directed to vulnerable groups and masses extensively sensitized on drug withdrawal periods and labour saving practices.
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    An investigation of factors responsible for poor construction and maintenance of rural infrastructure.
    (Makerere University, 2008) Kalema, Enoch
    This study was conducted to establish the factors responsible for poor construction and maintenance of rural infrastructure in a decentralized system. Rural Infrastructure refers to roads, transport and communication, Commercial and residential buildings, water supply and sanitation services and rural energy established in a rural setup. The study aimed at determining the perception of stakeholders about the quality of rural infrastructure, identify and assess challenges to effective infrastructure construction in a rural setup, and determine solutions for promoting quality infrastructure development in a decentralized system of governance. Inadequate rural development is one of the most distressing problems in Africa. In a decentralized country like Uganda, rural development is a principal strategy for poverty eradication. However, it is reportedly unsustainable, due to poor rural infrastructure construction and a host of socio-economic factors. There is wide criticism on the quality of rural physical infrastructure delivered under the decentralized system in Uganda. There have been a number of reported cases of collapsing structures in which many lives have been lost, the most glaring of them being the Bwebajja hotel building collapse incidence. A numbers of many others are unreported. Such include: the frequent failures on Mukono – Katosi road in Mukono; Katera – Minziro road and Kyapa – Kasensero road in Rakai district; the collapsed hand dug well in Kayunga sub county Kayunga district in which two lives were lost in 2003 etc. In this study a Survey and four focus group discussions were employed in the study that involved 100 respondents randomly selected and 5 Focus Group Discussions that were composed of 47 participants. The study was carried out in five districts of Mukono, Wakiso, Luwero, Masaka and Rakai, all in central Uganda. The findings show that use of unqualified personnel, limited involvement of stakeholders, political influence and limited funds are the major causes of poor rural infrastructure under the decentralized system in central Uganda. Based on the findings, it is recommended that Local governments should employ technically competent firms with qualified personnel to manage the procurement and implementation of rural infrastructure construction. Involvement of stakeholders should be ensured right from planning through to implementation and evaluation of rural infrastructure. The funding should be improved to rhyme with the technical requirements of local government projects.
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    Daily ranger-based symptom observations and health monitoring of habituated mountain gorillas (gorilla beringei beringei) in Bwindi impenetrable national park, Uganda
    ( 2008) Ssebide, Benard Jasper
    It is often hypothesized that transmission of human diseases to apes is a (if not the) major threat to species survival hence the need for a systematic approach to health data collection yielding solid evidence on which to base intervention strategies for reducing disease transmission. This research was aimed at identification and assessment of clinical parameters among habituated mountain gorillas of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. Basic health data was collected by the UWA rangers (trackers and guides) using daily clinical observation forms. There were 1825 potential gorilla group observation days for all the five groups of which 1482 (81.2%) gorilla group observation days were recorded. On average, at least 15 people enter the park per day to track Habinyanja, Mubale and Rushegura groups while an average of 11 people enter to track Nkuringo group of which tourists generally form 40%. An average tourist occupancy rate of 80% was observed in Habinyanja, Mubale and Rushegura groups while in Nkuringo group, an occupancy rate of 56.2% was observed. Fluctuations in the number of visitors were observed with November, April, and May registering fewer visitors than other months and throughout the study period, Nkuringo group significantly had fewer visitors than other tourists groups. A total of 18018 individual gorilla observations were made out of the potential (if every individual gorilla were seen each observation day) 22939 resulting into an overall observability of individual gorillas of 78.5%. Kyaguliro group individuals were seen most with 96.6% and Nkuringo group individuals were seen least with 66.8%. While by age / sex class, silverbacks were seen most at 93.8% and black-backs were seen least at 70.2%. Based on the gorillas seen, the body system was observed most with 98.6% (n=18018). The general activity was observed in 98.2%, the respiratory system in 96.7%, the skin / hair in 96.8%, head discharge in 87.3%, other discharge in 35.6%, and the stool was observed least in 3.9% of gorillas seen. During the study period, 86 abnormal observations were made, out of which 68.6% were wounds and cuts on the integumentary system (skin and hair) and mostly in gorillas of Kyaguliro group and in black backs and silver backs. The average percentage of abnormal observations was highest with black-backs at 1.14% (29/2551) and lowest with infants (0.03%, n= 3672). In the different gorilla groups, the percentage of abnormal observations was higher in Kyaguliro group at 0.94% (40/4258) and lowest in Rushegura group (0.12%, n= 3280). Abnormal observations were significantly more in black backs and less in Infants. In all groups, there was less than 1 abnormal observation per 100 individual gorilla observations. Overall 1/3 of all gorillas had something identified as abnormal during the one year study period. Kyaguliro group had the highest period prevalence of abnormal observations at 66.2% while Rushegura group at 7.7% had the lowest. In the different age / sex classes, black-backs had the highest prevalence and Infants had the lowest at 87.7% and 6.2% respectively. All the tourist groups (Habinyanja, Mubale, Nkuringo, and Rushegura) at times move out of the park. Kyaguliro group never moved out of the park. Nkuringo group significantly spent more time out of the park than any other group. Habinyanja group had the biggest home range of 32.52 km2 followed by Nkuringo group (25.95 km2) at 95%UD. Mubale group had the smallest home range of 8.05 km2. There was no relationship between group size and home range. Gorilla health monitoring using symptoms is a good basis for disease outbreak monitoring because it gives an insight of every day happenings in gorilla groups and this study being the first of its kind covering all the habituated groups of BINP is important in providing the baseline monitoring parameters for the these habituated mountain gorilla groups.
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    The Right to adequate food in uganda: a case study of internally displaced persons in Unyama Camp, Gulu District
    (Makerere University, 2008) Kipwola, Joan
    Uganda is a signatory to many international treaties relating to the right to food, which is also reflected in the 1995 Constitution of the Republic of Uganda. This can also be evident in the many government programmes such as the Poverty Alleviation Action Programme (PEAP), Plan for Modernisation of Agriculture (PMA) among others .Despite all the above, violations of the right to adequate food still exist currently in Uganda. The progressive realization of the right to adequate food is being hampered because of the lack of clear strategies in place to enforce these policies and the situation of internal displacement in northern Uganda, which denies the population physical access to farm land and food in quality and quantity. This study was carried out between July 2005 and September 2006 in Unyama Internally Displaced Persons Camp Gulu District in Northern Uganda, to assess the implementation of the right to adequate food in Uganda, through the existing local and international policies, hence coming up with feasible recommendations to enhance the realisation of the right to food for all Ugandans. The study used a case study design and employed a predominately qualitative approach in order to again an in-depth descriptive account of the issue under study. The insecurity coupled with restrictions that negatively impact on the availability, accessibility and adequacy of food for the IDPs, were taken cognisance of in the analysis of this study. It is therefore suggested that in order to progressively realise the right to adequate food there must be enforceable laws to fulfil the loopholes in the current policies and in conjunction with other stakeholders increase the IDPs food rations as well as encourage programs of providing seeds to ensure food sustainability.
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    Human resource management practices, procedural justice, distributive justice, organisational stress and teacher organisational Citizenship behaviours in schools.
    (Makerere University, 2008) Nakibuuka, Irene Janice
    The main purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between HR practices, Organisational justice, Organisational stress and Teacher OCB. This was carried out by developing a conceptual model, which related HR practices, Organisational justice, Organisational stress and Teacher OCB among selected schools in Kampala and Wakiso districts. Using a cross-sectional design, the study generated quantitative data from 220 randomly selected respondents who included head teachers and teachers. Convenience sampling was used to administer questionnaires to respondents’ as a data collection instrument about the variables. The study revealed no significant relationship between HR practices and Organisational stress (-0.21), Procedural justice, distributive and Organisational stress (0.08). Results also revealed no significant difference between Organisational Stress and Supervisor or Self rated Teacher OCB (-0.05; -0.14).Testing the strength of the relationship indicated that all variables predict 54.7% of Teacher OCB. The data collected further revealed that Organisational justice predicted teacher OCB. The study recommends that there is a need to improve teacher’s perception of fairness in the way they are treated and to ensure fairness in the way things are done so as to encourage constructive OCB’s among teachers.
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    The socio-economic conditions of Banyarwanda Refugees in Mbarara District since 1959.
    (Makerere University, 2008) Katuramu, Alex
    The Banyarwanda refugees, especially those living in western Uganda in Mbarara District are an active group in the political and socio-economic affairs not only in the local area but Uganda generally. Compared to other refugees elsewhere in Uganda, the Banyarwanda live in relatively better socio-economic conditions, while some were able to access resources like land and social services like education and health. Since 1959, they have been struggling for integration into Ugandan society, particularly into the Ankole cultural set-up. Cultural aspects such as those relating to cattle keeping, which the Banyarwanda refugees share with the Banyankole people, have been at the centre of integration efforts. This study was carried out among refugees and the population among whom refugees live in Mbarara District (before it was divided up into other districts of Kiruhuura, Ibanda and Isingiro). A qualitative approach was used with information directly got from the Banyarwanda refugees themselves, and among the indigenous people in the district. Interviews were carried out with the guide of questionnaires in the main areas of concentration namely, Nakivale and Oruchinga refugee settlements. It was established in the course of this study that although the Banyarwanda refugees live a life of deprivation, their socio-economic conditions are relatively better compared to other refugees elsewhere in Uganda. The information obtained from different humanitarian agencies for refugees such as UNHCR, Red Cross Society and World Food Programme provided evidence of this. Although some were able to access resources and social services, becoming socially, economically and politically active in the process, there is still discrimination towards the Banyarwanda refugees and their proper integration into the Ankole community has been less successful. Therefore, the Banyarwanda refugees remain a pro-active group of people in the district, struggling for a place or social accommodation in a community where they face discrimination