Efficacy of hibiscus sabdariffa (malakwang) leaves in increasing milk production in lactating albino rats

Abstract

Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malakwang) is a leafy vegetable that is rich in nutrients and has been used traditionally in the Luo communities in Northern Uganda to increase breast milk production. Despite the widespread use as a galactagogue, there is no scientific evidence confirming its lactogenic effects, hence the need for scientific investigation. This study investigated the lactogenic properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa leaves. Focus group discussions were used to collect data on the indigenous knowledge and the utilization of Hibiscus sabdariffa as a lactogenic. The data was thematically analyzed using an inductive approach, allowing themes to arise from the participants discussion. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the hydro ethanolic–methanolic extract of dried Malakwang leaves was conducted using standard biochemical tests to identify compounds linked to lactation. A randomized controlled trial method was used to assess the effect of Malakwang leaves on milk production in lactating albino rats. Majority of the participants (99%) reported that after using Malakwang, they observed an increase in breast milk production, however its potential side effects, when consumed by people with ulcers and its scarcity during the dry seasons were of concern. Preliminary photochemical screening revealed alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and tannins in the Malakwang leaves. Flavonoids and tannins were relatively abundant in Hibiscus sabdariffa leaves. The total milk yield in groups treated with the Malakwang leaf extract was significantly high at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg compared to the group treated with metoclopramide and distilled water (p>0.005) with the 500mg/kg dose showing a greater effect. The pups of dams that received the Malakwang leaf extract exhibited significant weight gain compared to the control groups. Malakwang leaf extract did not significantly impact prolactin. Malakwang leaves revealed lactogenic activity by increasing milk yield, weight gain of pups and presence of lactogenic phytochemicals though the effect on prolactin was insignificant.