Analysis of cost and time overruns on government funded road projects in Uganda; a case of UNRA’s in-house construction supervision road projects

Abstract

The study analyzed cost and time overruns in government-funded road projects in Uganda, with a focus on those supervised by the Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA). Despite significant investments by the Government of Uganda (GoU) in road infrastructure, persistent delays and budget overruns were evident. These challenges reflected broader concerns about infrastructure projects failing to meet planned schedules and budgets, particularly in developing countries like Uganda. The research utilized a descriptive design and a mixed-methods approach, collecting data through surveys and interviews. A sample size of 138 participants was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan method, ensuring accurate and representative results. This approach provided valuable insights into the factors contributing to project inefficiencies. Key findings indicated that inadequate planning was the primary cause of cost overruns, with scope changes, resource constraints, and contractual issues also contributing significantly. Time overruns were mainly attributed to scope changes and poor planning, with scope changes having the most substantial impact on delays. These results underscored the need for enhanced project management practices. Effective practices highlighted included detailed project planning, budget monitoring, and risk management. Clear scope definition and improved resource allocation were essential for addressing the inefficiencies observed in UNRA’s projects. The research recommended several strategies for improvement, such as enhanced planning and budgeting, better scope management, and clearer contractual agreements. Ongoing staff training was also suggested to improve project execution and reduce overruns. Additionally, the study advocated for the adoption of advanced technologies, including project management software and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), to improve monitoring and decision-making. Future research should explore the impact of technological advancements, political and regulatory factors, and sustainability on infrastructure projects to provide further insights and contribute to more effective project delivery in Uganda.