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ItemLand fraud in Uganda: an investigation of the major loopholes. A case study of Wakiso district.(Makerere University, 2022)The study examined the existence of Land fraud in Uganda with a major focus on Wakiso district. An investigation of the major loopholes facilitating Land related fraud was undertaken by the researcher in order to establish depth of the study topic. The Main objective was to explore the different forms of land fraud in Uganda and unmask major loopholes in the system. The study adopted a qualitative research style in order to develop a detailed understanding of the land fraud gimmick in the geographical scope of study. Interviews were conducted among staff at the Ministry zonal offices, police men, lawyers, surveyors, brokers, local council chairpersons and known victims of fraud. A review of existing literature on fraud cases in local newspapers was conducted by the researcher in order to correlate interview information with available literature.
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ItemEffectiveness of internal control activities at Equity bank Uganda: a case of Equity bank Headquarters(Makerere University, 2025)This study investigated the effectiveness of internal control activities at Equity Bank Uganda. The study was premised on three objectives; to examine the internal control activities employed by Equity Bank Uganda, to establish the factors affecting the implementation of internal control activities at Equity Bank Uganda, and to suggest the strategies that can be put in place to boost implementation of internal control activities at Equity Bank Uganda. The study employed a descriptive research design, and adopted a quantitative study approach, which involved collecting numerical data from 122 Equity Bank staff, using simple random sampling through survey questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SSPS Version 27). The study found that the implementation of internal control activities at Equity Bank Uganda is moderately effective but faces several organizational and operational challenges. Key barriers include poor communication, frequent regulatory changes, inadequate staffing, high turnover, and limited training, all of which hinder consistency and compliance. While foundational systems are in place, technological limitations and procedural complexity further constrain effectiveness. To address these issues, respondents recommended strategies such as regular internal audits, regulatory alignment, and performance-based incentives, alongside moderate support for staff training, technological investment, and fostering accountability. These findings suggest that targeted improvements in leadership engagement, communication, and capacity-building are essential to strengthen the bank’s internal control framework. The study recommends prioritizing robust staff training initiatives to deepen employees’ knowledge of internal control systems, promote adherence to institutional policies, and minimize resistance to organizational changes. It also advocates for the automation of critical control functions to boost accuracy, reduce human error, and enhance efficiency in monitoring activities. Strengthening communication across departments is recommended to improve coordination, ensure uniform policy implementation, and facilitate timely exchange of information. Additionally, the study highlights the need to advance risk assessment practices by establishing specialized teams and embedding proactive fraud detection and environmental scanning into regular evaluation processes.
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ItemAssessment of credit risk management practices at Equity Bank Uganda(Makerere University, 2025)This report aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of Credit Management Practices at Equity Bank Uganda. The study was premised on three objectives to identify the major credit risks associated with Equity Bank Uganda’s lending practices, to analyze the identified credit risks and their impact on the bank’s loan portfolio performance and to evaluate the effectiveness of Equity Bank Uganda’s current credit risk management measures, including strategies to avoid, accept, or mitigate risk. The study employed a cross-sectional and descriptive research with a mixed study approach which involved collecting numerical data from 72 respondents and interviewing 5 key informants. Quantitative Data was analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SSPS Version 27) while qualitative Data was analyzed using Atlas ti (version 9). The study found that Major risks included inadequate borrower assessment, overexposure to high-risk sectors, inconsistent collateral enforcement, and limited staff capacity in credit evaluation. These weaknesses were found to negatively affect loan portfolio performance, contributing to nonperforming loans and unstable recovery outcomes. While political shocks and small-scale borrowers were not universally seen as disruptive, current risk mitigation strategies were viewed as insufficient. The effectiveness of existing credit risk management measures received mixed feedback, with concerns about unclear procedures, weak internal audits, and underutilized monitoring tools. However, recovery procedures were generally seen as beneficial. Overall, the findings highlight the need for stronger institutional frameworks, improved staff training, and more robust risk assessment systems.
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ItemAssessment of sustainable water access in rural communities: case study of borehole projects in Mityana district, Uganda(Makerere University, 2025)This study assessed the sustainability of borehole-based water access in rural Uganda, focusing on Mityana District. It aimed to determine the operational status of boreholes, examine technical and environmental factors shaping performance, analyze socio-economic determinants of household access, and evaluate the effectiveness of community involvement in borehole management.An explanatory, descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed. A quantitative approach combined structured household questionnaires, Water User Committee (WUC) interviews, and direct borehole inspections. Stratified purposive sampling with proportional representation ensured inclusion of functional and non-functional boreholes, different dependency levels, and households at varying distances from water points. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression to test hypotheses.Findings revealed that about two-thirds of boreholes were functional, though non-functionality remained high and unevenly distributed across sub-counties. Borehole performance was significantly influenced by design, maintenance frequency, and environmental conditions. Socioeconomic disparities, particularly income, education, livelihood type, and distance to boreholes, shaped household access. Strong positive associations were found between active WUCs, transparent financial practices, and borehole functionality, while weak governance correlated with frequent breakdowns.The study concludes that borehole sustainability depends on integrated strategies that combine sound technical design with preventive maintenance, equitable access, and strengthened community governance. Its contribution lies in demonstrating that governance and community ownership amplify technical reliability, offering evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, NGOs, and local authorities to enhance institutional support, accountability, and resilience in rural water management.
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ItemAntecedents of effective cashflow management of small and medium enterprises in Kampala(Makerere University, 2025)The study investigated the antecedents of effective cash flow management among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kampala, guided by three objectives: identifying the antecedents of effective cash flow management, assessing the challenges SMEs face in managing cash flows, suggesting strategies to enhance cash flow practices. A descriptive research design with a mixed-methods approach was adopted, and data were collected from 301 respondents, including SME managers and owners, as well as key informants from the Federation of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (FSME) and Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA). The data was collected using self- administered questionnaires and interview guides which helped to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, while qualitative data were processed using Atlas.ti version 9. The findings revealed that there were various antecedents towards effective cashflow management which were; regular performance reviews, cash flow forecasting, timely invoicing, and budgeting. These were further strengthened by the use of digital tools and financial training which significantly impact daily financial practices and decision-making processes within the businesses studied. Moreover, different challenges are faced by SMEs in managing cash flows. Some of these challenges are irregular customer payments, lack of financial skills and limited access to financial training, limited access to credit, poor record-keeping, tax obligations, high operating costs, delayed supplier payments, and the absence of budgeting tools. These constrain working capital, operational efficiency, and financial planning. Based on the challenges it is recommended that collaborative financial literacy programs should be implemented to enhance SME owners' understanding of cash flow management principles. Moreover, structured invoicing systems and digital payment reminders should be adopted to improve the consistency and timeliness of cash inflows in SMEs. In Addition, the adoption of simple digital bookkeeping tools by SMEs supported by basic training in financial documentation should be adopted to strengthen SMEs’ ability to track and plan cash movements more accurately and effectively.