Geospatial assessment of determinants of health and wellbeing : a case of Busukuma Subcounty

Abstract

This study explored the application of geospatial techniques, spatial data analysis, and an integrated index to understand many aspects of Social Health and Wellbeing in Busukuma subcounty. The research illuminated on the challenges arising from the disparities in distribution of essential social services, compounded by escalating inequalities and population growth. It emphasized the underutilization of geospatial techniques in aggregating determinants of social health, as well as the need for a comprehensive investigation and localized application of such tools. The analysis revealed a complex interplay of factors affecting Social Health and Wellbeing, including employment status, education levels, physical health, household income, and access to information. The study also identified challenges in accessing education and healthcare facilities, and thus emphasizing the importance of considering infrastructure distribution, socio-economic factors, and geographical context to achieve comprehensive solutions. Utilizing geospatial tools, the study contributed to understanding of gaps geographical accessibility to health facilities and quantifying the wetland ecosystem's impact on community health. It was revealed that the major means of transport to health centers and schools were by foot and motorcycle. Based on the maximum 5 kilometers radius service area analysis, most people took 3 hours by foot and 30 minutes by motorcycle to access social services. The integrated index of Social Health and Wellbeing (SoHWI) for Busukuma subcounty emerges as a valuable tool for understanding the community's overall health status. Utilizing spatial and statistical techniques, the study incorporated various factors such as education & health services, and unemployment to assess social health comprehensively. The influence of the wetland ecosystem landscape becomes evident, contributing to the provision of ecosystem services crucial for maintaining and improving social health and wellbeing. The study identified specific parishes, such as Guluddene and Kiwenda, ranking highest, showcasing positive impacts attributed to factors like land tenure security, ecosystem services value, education level, and employment security. Conversely, Kabumba parish's lowest ranking brings attention to challenges in land tenure security, income levels, access to information, and electricity. In essence, the research provides a rich and nuanced understanding of the intricate interplay of factors shaping Social Health and Wellbeing in the Busukuma subcounty, offering valuable insights for localized interventions and policy improvements.