Adolescent Experiences with Different Parenting Styles among High School Students in Mbale City, Northern Division: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

This study explored adolescents’ lived experiences of different parenting styles among high school students in Mbale City, Northern Division, Uganda. The purpose was to understand how adolescents perceive parenting practices, identify the most commonly experienced parenting styles, and examine the challenges adolescents encounter in their interactions with parents. A qualitative phenomenological design was employed to capture in-depth insights into participants’ experiences. Data were collected through two focus group discussions conducted with 12–16 students aged 13–19 years from two secondary schools in Mbale City. Findings revealed mixed levels of openness in parent–adolescent communication. While some participants described their parents as approachable and supportive, others reported limited emotional availability and restricted communication. Adolescents strongly valued both material provision (such as school fees and basic needs) and emotional support. Trust and autonomy emerged as central concerns, with many participants expressing frustration over perceived parental mistrust and excessive control. The most commonly reported parenting style was authoritarian, characterized by strict rules and disciplinary practices, although some participants noted a shift toward more supportive approaches as they grew older. The study concludes that parenting practices in this context are diverse and evolving, with a need to strengthen positive communication, trust, and emotional responsiveness. The findings underscore the importance of promoting authoritative parenting approaches and inform the development of school and community-based interventions aimed at enhancing adolescent wellbeing and family relationships.