A model commercialization framework for technological innovations in Uganda

Abstract

Innovation commercialization drives economic growth, prosperity, and sustainable development in Uganda. The Government of Uganda (GOU) has invested significantly in research, innovation, and development. Despite these efforts, challenges persist in translating innovations into commercially viable products and services. Scientists, researchers, and innovators often lack a structured approach to effective commercialization, and the existing literature lacks an integrative framework. This study aimed to elucidate a comprehensive framework for innovation commercialization by integrating strategies and measures at the firm, market, and policy levels. The research identifies key barriers and drivers affecting innovation commercialization and proposes actionable solutions to enhance the process in Uganda. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. Data collection involved a review of key policy documents, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and consultative meetings with researchers, innovators, and technopreneurs. Additionally, direct observations of innovation and commercialization processes within technology-driven enterprises were conducted. Interviews were conducted with technopreneurs, researchers, innovators, incubation managers, industry stakeholders, and government officials to gather insights into the factors influencing innovation commercialization. The study assessed commercialization barriers and drivers at the firm, market, and policy levels, leading to the development of targeted strategies and measures. The findings underscore the critical role of the National Innovation System (NIS) in facilitating interaction and learning among key stakeholders in Uganda's innovation ecosystem. Challenges such as fragmented ecosystems, inadequate support infrastructure, and insufficient financial mechanisms hinder the efficiency of research and innovation institutions. The study introduces a model commercialization framework and identifies the key determinants of successful commercialization, including firm-level capabilities, market-driven product awareness, industry dynamics, and policy-related factors. The study emphasizes the need for support mechanisms and recommends policy reforms to foster a vibrant market for technological innovations in Uganda. A multifaceted approach is proposed, incorporating investments in research and development (R&D) infrastructure, market access initiatives, and regulatory enhancements. Addressing structural barriers such as weak institutional support, limited financial access, and a lack of coordination among innovation actors is essential to bridge the commercialization gap. Strengthening talent exchange programs, developing regional knowledge value chains, and prioritizing institutional reforms are key to improving commercialization efficiency. To enhance the commercialization of innovations in Uganda, it is recommended to strengthen the NIS to improve collaboration and knowledge sharing among key actors; establish sustainable financial mechanisms to support innovation commercialization; enhance regulatory frameworks to create an enabling policy environment; expand R&D infrastructure to facilitate technology development and market readiness; and promote strategic partnerships to enhance market access and commercialization opportunities.