Access to livelihood assets, adaptive strategies and livelihood outcomes among refugees in Bidibidi Settlement- Uganda

Abstract

This study, guided by its objectives and research questions, analysed access to livelihood assets, coping/adaptability strategies, and livelihood outcomes for refugees in in Bidibidi settlement, Yumbe district, Uganda. To address the research objectives and questions, the study adapted mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Although the quantitative analysis emphasized the influence of refugee characteristics on the adoption of these strategies, gender does emerge as the primary explanatory factor for refugees in Bidibidi, Yumbe district. Findings further indicate that refugees in Bidibidi settlement face significant challenges in accessing livelihood assets, resources and often resort to severe coping strategies. The choice of coping strategies influenced by the broader context of their displacement and the individual capacities of the refugees are evident. In line with Refugee hosting theoretical models and Amartya Sen’s Capability Theoretical Approach, the research indicates that restricted access to livelihood resources greatly limits the economic prospects and overall well-being of refugees. While adaptive strategies are crucial, they may fall short of ensuring sustainable livelihoods. The interaction between policy, humanitarian assistance, and the local environment influences livelihood results and outcomes. The degree of integration with the host community affects the refugees' capacity to establish a stable livelihood. This research provided empirical evidence regarding the experiences of refugees and their host communities within the transitional model, emphasizing self-reliance and economic inclusion of Refugees. The study recommends durable solution option for to refugee crisis in not only Uganda but also regionally as seeking refugee status is not a choice but only an adoption for survival in a desperate condition beyond ones control. There is a need to advocate with the government and relevant agencies to address administrative barriers that inhibit refugee livelihoods. It is essential to evaluate whether existing aid programs are effective in fostering self-sufficiency. There is need to formalize the existing land policies within the legislated framework that protects land allocated to refugees, including implementing reforms in the refugee land policies, including land tenure lengths that reflects reflect current good practice for all.

Key words: Refugees, Livelihood assets, Livelihood barriers, Livelihood outcomes, Adaptive and copying strategies, Resilience and self-sufficiency,