School of Agricultural Sciences (SAS)
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Browsing School of Agricultural Sciences (SAS) by Subject "Adaptation"
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ItemClimate change vulnerability and adaptation responses of fish dependent communities in the Albertine and Victoria Drainage Basins in Uganda(Makerere University, 2013-12) Alweny, SalomeChanging climate and weather patterns will have severe negative impacts on all sectors of the economy including fisheries. Appropriate knowledge and adaptation responses are therefore needed unfortunately in Uganda, knowledge on climate change adaptation for communities dependent on capture fisheries is very limited. This study assessed the climate change vulnerability and adaptation responses of fish dependent communities in the Albertine (Lakes Albert, George, Edward) and Victoria (Lake Victoria) drainage basins in Uganda. Fish dependent communities in the Albertine drainage basin were found to be more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change compared to their counter parts in the Victoria drainage basin. Their vulnerability was attributed to low level of education (50% of the respondents in the Albertine never went beyond primary school), lack of fixed assets (81% had no fixed assets) and large household sizes (the average household size was 7 members per household).The main hazards that hit the fishing villages were drought, floods and strong winds, leading to decrease in the quantity of fish catch, loss of livelihood assets (fishing nets, lamps, boats) and loss of fishing days, among others. While majority of the respondents in the Victoria drainage basin preferred to abandon fishing for other non fish related jobs and doing nothing, majority of respondents in the Albertine drainage basin preferred borrowing money from colleagues and relatives and salt mining, for the case of those living near the salty Lake Katwe. Different socioeconomic factors influenced the choice of adaptation responses at the household level. Respondents who were less educated, large households, respondents who had no alternative sources of income, those who had no assets, and those who lived far away from social services were considered more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and vice versa. Key words: Climate Change, Vulnerability, Adaptation Responses, Fish dependent communities, Uganda.
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ItemEvaluation of new soybean varieties for market traits and adaptation in Uganda(Makerere University, 2012) Asiimwe, MosesThis study was carried out to identify superior soybeans genotypes that are adapted to different farming environments in Uganda and most desired by farmers and processors through Participatory Crop Improvement approach. The field experiments were set up on-farm and on-station in the 2008 – 2009 cropping seasons. Researcher designed but farmer managed trials were set up in districts of Mayuge, Pallisa, Lira, Apac, Masindi, Hoima and Kamwenge, and run for three consecutive cropping seasons. Several univariate and multivariate methods were used to analyze qualitative (farmer and processor preference) and quantitative (yield) data. Preference scores of 82 farmers were recorded at pre and post harvest stages. Soybean genotype stability studies were conducted at five locations and analyzed with AMMI. Preference for new soybean genotypes varied from farmer to farmer however, genotypes DXTPYT06A8.11, DXTPROGENIES4.17-4, MAKSOY1N, DXTPYT06A7.10 and DXTBLP(SRB)12.4 were generally acceptable because of being early maturing. Data from on-farm trials also showed that 60% of the most farmer preferred new soybean genotypes were not the highest yielding genotypes. A case in point is genotypes DXTPROGENIES4.7, BSPS17B, BSPS48A and BSPS85 which were found to have yielded highest but were not selected because they were late maturing. Processors generally preferred genotypes DXTSPS4.19, NGDT8.10-10 and DXTPYT06A4.22 for their big seed size and clear/white hilum colour. Genotype DXTPROGENIES4.17-4 scored well for both farmers and processors and may thus be successfully grown and marketed. With AMMI analysis, genotypes BSPS48A, DXTPROGENIES4.7, DXTPYT06A8.3, NGDT8.10-10, DUIKER and DXTPROGENIES4.17-4 were identified as most stable across the five locations. Similarly, genotypes NAM11XGCBLP11.3, BSPS43, NAM11XGCBLP20.2 and BSPS48A were tolerant to soybean rust. Therefore involvement of end-users in the development of new soybean varieties helped in the identification of attributes valued by end-users but unknown to breeders.