Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI): Recent submissions
Now showing items 81-100 of 112
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The TB pandemic: an old problem seeking new solutions
(Blackwell, 2007)Tuberculosis (TB) continues to kill more than 2 million people globally each year. Annual TB case notification rates have risen up to fourfold since the mid-1980s, with the highest rate of 1000/100 000 around Cape Town, ... -
Symptomatic hyperlactatemia associated with nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitor use in HIV-infected patients: a report of 24 cases in a Resource-Limited Setting (Uganda).
(University of Chicago Press, 2007-08-15)We describe 24 Ugandan patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection who developed symptomatic hyperlactatemia associated with the use of nucleoside analogues. All patients were receiving combination therapy that ... -
Successful treatment of psoriasis-like lesions in HIV infected patients in Uganda with chloroquine
(Open Infectious Diseases Journal, 2009)The effect of chloroquine in the treatment of psoriasis remains controversial.Treatment of psoriasis in HIV infection is not well described. Chloroquine has been shown to have direct effects on both the Human Immunodeficiency ... -
Sexual risk reduction needs of adolescents living with HIV in a clinical care setting
(Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2007-04)As anti-retroviral therapy becomes increasingly available, young people living with HIV need tailored support to adopt healthy sexual behaviors. There has been a gap in the availability of culturally appropriate techniques ... -
Improvement of the patient flow in a large urban clinic with high HIV seroprevalence in Kampala, Uganda
(International Journal of STD & AIDS, 2009)Antiretroviral treatment roll-out programmes in Africa often have difficulties to cope with the increasing number of clients. Based on the findings of a survey carried out in 2005 that showed long waiting times, innovative ... -
The liver in HIV in Africa
(International Medical Press, 2005)As access to antiretroviral therapy improves across the African continent, liver disease is emerging as an important cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected individuals. Although coinfection with hepatitis B ... -
Laboratory medicine in Africa: a barrier to effective health care
(University of Chicago Press, 2006)Providing health care in sub-Saharan Africa is a complex problem. Recent reports call for more resources to assist in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases that affect this population, but policy makers, ... -
Is it safe to switch from stavudine to zidovudine after developing symptomatic hyperlactatemia?
(African Health Sciences, 2008-06)Introduction: In resource limited settings patients on antiretroviral treatment who develop stavudine induced hyperlactatemia are often switched to zidovudine on the basis of published studies that demonstrate that this ... -
Update on the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of artemether–lumefantrine combination therapy for treatment of uncomplicated malaria
(Dove Medical Press, 2009-12-16)Artemether–lumefantrine is one of the artemisisnin-based combination therapies recommended for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The drug combination is highly efficacious against sensitive and multidrug ... -
Severe Renal Dysfunction and Risk Factors Associated with Renal Impairment in HIV-Infected Adults in Africa Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy
(CID, 2008)Background. We sought to investigate renal function in previously untreated symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected adults with CD4+ cell counts of !200 cells/mm3 who were undergoing antiretroviral therapy ... -
Tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in countries with limited resources
(International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2006)Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection accounts for probably one third of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) events, particularly in developing countries where HIV ... -
Evaluation of Dynabeads and Cytospheres Compared With Flow Cytometry to Enumerate CD41 T Cells in HIV-Infected Ugandans on Antiretroviral Therapy
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins., 2008-07-01)Background: Laboratory-based monitoring of antiretroviral therapy is essential but adds a significant cost to HIV care. The World Health Organization 2006 guidelines support the use of CD4 lymphocyte count (CD4) to define ... -
Etiology of pruritic papular eruption with HIV infection in Uganda
(American Medical Association., 200-12-01)Context A frequent cause of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–related morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa is a commonly occurring, intensely pruritic skin rash. The resulting scars are disfiguring and stigmatizing. Despite ... -
Cost Effectiveness of a Pharmacy-Only Refill Program in a Large Urban HIV/AIDS Clinic in Uganda
(Public Library of Science, 2011-03-28)Background: HIV/AIDS clinics in Uganda and other low-income countries face increasing numbers of patients and workforce shortages. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing a Pharmacy-only Refill Program (PRP), ... -
Clinical presentation and aetiologies of acute or complicated headache among HIV-seropositive patients in a Ugandan clinic
(BioMed Central, 2009)Background: We set out to define the relative prevalence and common presentations of the various aetiologies of headache within an ambulant HIV-seropositive adult population in Kampala, Uganda. Methods: We conducted a ... -
Cause-Specific Mortality and the Contribution of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in the First 3 Years after Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in an Urban African Cohort
(Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2009)Background. Although many studies have reported high early mortality among patients enrolled in antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs in sub-Saharan Africa—particularly among those individuals with advanced immunodeficiency— ... -
Can response of a pruritic papular eruption to antiretroviral therapy be used as a clinical parameter to monitor virological outcome?
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008)Background: A pruritic papular eruption (PPE) is a common skin manifestation observed in 12–46% of persons with HIV infection living in tropical countries. Objective: To determine whether PPE responds to HAART and whether ... -
Biomarkers of HIV immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
(Future Medicine, 2008)Dysregulation of the immune system drives HIV pathogenesis. As we develop new ways to treat HIV and AIDS, we encounter new clinical ramifications of our treatment on regulatory components of the Immune system. HIV-associated ... -
Bilateral pedal edema in an HIV patient: Lopinavir/Ritonavir-containing treatment regimen as a potential cause?
(Open Learning on Enteric Pathogens, 2009-03)A large number of patients are switched to second-line antiretroviral therapy, especially in resource limited settings. Lopinavir/Ritonavir is the main drug used in second-line treatment regimens. We describe a patient ... -
Belief in divine healing can be a barrier to antiretroviral therapy adherence in Uganda
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins., 2007)Although recent data suggest high levels of adherence to expanding antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes in resource-limited settings, the culture- specific barriers to adherence are poorly understood. In a prospective ...