The effects of Idi Amin’s economic war in Uganda 1972–1982: a case of Busoga Region

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of Idi Amin’s economic war in Uganda particularly Busoga region 1972 to 1982. The economic war aimed at eliminating the Asian economic dominance in Uganda especially Busoga region which was the industrial hub of Uganda by 1972. The Asians dominate trade, manufacturing and civil service. This study is guided by four main objectives: to establish the population nature in Busoga by 1972, to explore the perceptions of the Basoga about Asian expulsion, to examine the response of the ordinary people in Busoga to the Asian expulsion, and to assess the effects of the economic war on the people of Busoga region implications. The research utilized historical methodologies, including archival research and oral interviews with individuals who experienced the expulsion, providing a comprehensive understanding of the events and their aftermath. The study employed a historical methodology. Data collection involved extensive archival research from sources like the Uganda National Records, Makerere University African Library archives, and Uganda Bureau of Statistics. The findings revealed that most people in Busoga were supportive and welcomed of Amin's economic war, hoping to gain economically from the departure of Asians. However, while some locals benefitted by taking over Asian businesses, the overall economic landscape saw negative changes. The expulsion led to the rise of a black–market economy, scarcity of essential commodities, a decline in Jinja’s industrial sector, loss of employment, and the growth of the informal sector. The study concluded that the expulsion of Asians had mixed impacts on the Busoga region. Although it ended perceived economic exploitation and discrimination by Asian traders, leading to a sense of economic independence among Africans, it also disrupted established economic structures. The immediate aftermath included a decline in industrial productivity and an increase in black–market activities. Over time, the region experienced significant economic and social changes, reflecting the complexities of implementing such drastic policies. Based on these findings, the study recommends, implementing inclusive and gradual economic policies, and promoting social cohesion and integration, fostering economic diversification, capacity building for local governance, and investment in education and skills development are also essential to ensure sustainable development and resilience in the Busoga region.