The legal and policy framework for civil-military relations in Uganda

Abstract

This study, titled "The Legal and Policy Framework for Civil-Military Relations in Uganda," provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing structures governing the interaction between civil authorities and the military in Uganda. Relying predominantly on secondary data sources, the study aims to achieve three core objectives: to review the current legal and policy framework guiding civil-military relations, to identify the key challenges impacting these relations, and to offer actionable recommendations for improvement. Anchored in the Concordance Theory of Civil-Military Relations, which posits that a harmonious relationship between the military, political elites, and citizenry is essential for stability and democracy, this study meticulously examines the alignment and discord within Uganda's context. The legal framework is scrutinized through an extensive review of constitutional provisions, military laws, and policy documents, revealing a complex interplay of regulations designed to balance military autonomy with civilian oversight. Despite the robust framework, several challenges are identified. These include the politicization of the military, lack of transparency and accountability, and inadequate civilian control mechanisms. The study also highlights issues such as the involvement of military personnel in civilian roles and the limited capacity of civil institutions to effectively oversee military operations. To address these challenges, the study recommends a series of reforms aimed at strengthening civilian oversight, enhancing transparency, and fostering a culture of accountability within the military. Key recommendations include the revision of existing laws to ensure clearer separation of powers, increased training for civil authorities in military oversight, and the establishment of independent bodies to monitor civil-military interactions. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the necessity of a balanced civil-military relationship to promote democratic governance and stability in Uganda. By adopting the proposed recommendations, Uganda can move towards a more harmonious and effective civil-military framework, ensuring both national security and democratic integrity.