Factors associated with DVT in patients with varicose veins.

Abstract

Introduction This study was conducted to establish the prevalence of DVT (deep venous thrombosis) and VTE (venous thromboembolism) in patients with VV (varicose veins) at MNRH. DVT is thrombosis formation within the deep veins of calf and /or thigh. VTE is said to occur when there is detachment of a clot fragment and its free release into the circulatory system which can cause pulmonary embolism and sudden death. Varicose veins are superficial vessels that are abnormally twisted, lengthened or dilated and are caused by inefficient or defective valves within the vein. On the other hand, varicose veins could result from primary incompetence of the valves in the veins or secondary to DVT and could be an underlying sign of DVT. While venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a well-recognized occurrence in clinical practice in the developed world, with event rates of at least 2-3 million per year, little attention is paid to this entity in the LMICs where the burden of infectious diseases and limited access to care have not recognized VTE as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence and factors associated with deep venous thrombosis in patients with varicose veins in Uganda is unknown. The findings of this study will help clinicians to identify which patients with varicose veins are at high risk of developing DVT.

Methodology This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from 1st April 2016 to 30th November 2016 at Mulago National Referral Hospital surgical Out-patient Department. Data were collected using a pre-tested coded questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 23. Results Forty two (42) patients were enrolled in the study and data analysed using SPSS version 23. The prevalence of DVT was at 14.3% (6/42). The male to female ratio was 1:1. The majority of patients (54.8%) were below 40 years of age. Prolonged Hospitalisation and previous history of DVT were the most frequent associated factors for development of DVT in patients with varicose veins. Conclusion The prevalence of DVT among patients with varicose veins was 14.3%. The major risk factors for developing DVT found were patients with a previous history of DVT, immobility and prolonged hospitalization.