Browsing Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) Collections by Type
Now showing items 1-20 of 87
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The academic alliance for AIDS care and prevention in Africa
(The Johns Hopkins University AIDS Service, 2001-11)In the continent of Africa, AIDS is the leading cause of death, responsible for over 20% of all fatalities. To date, over 16 million people in Africa have died from AIDS, and approximately 26 million or 70% of the world’s ... -
Access to HIV/AIDS care for mothers and children in sub-Saharan Africa: adherence to the postnatal PMTCT program
(Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2009-09)Despite scale up of perinatal prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV interventions,postnatal continuity of comprehensive HIV/AIDS care, for both the mother and baby, remains a challenge in developing ... -
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive adolescents in Uganda assessed by multiple methods a prospective cohort study
(Adis, 2012-10)Background: The effectiveness of traditional adherence measurements used in adolescent populations isdifficult to assess. Antiretroviral (ARV) adherence research among adolescents living with HIV in resourceconstrained ... -
Antiretroviral therapy in developing countries: pharmacologic considerations
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008)Purpose of review This article reviews recent studies in the field of clinical pharmacology of antiretroviral drugs and highlights the relevance of the findings to clinical practice in developing countries. Recent findings ... -
Artemether-Lumefantrine combination therapy for treatment of uncomplicated malaria: The potential for complex interactions with antiretroviral drugs in HIV-infected individuals
(Malaria Research and Treatment, 2011-02-14)Treatment of malaria in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) poses significant challenges. Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is one of the artemisisnin-based combination therapies recommended for ... -
Assessment of the patient flow at the infectious diseases institute out-patient clinic, Kampala, Uganda
(Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2007)In order to cope with the increasing patient load, a study was performed to identify bottlenecks in patient flow at the Infectious Diseases out-patient clinic in Kampala, Uganda on 10 January 2005. On a standardised ... -
An Autopsy Study Describing Causes of Death and Comparing Clinico-Pathological Findings among Hospitalized Patients in Kampala, Uganda
(PLoS ONE, 2012-03-14)Background: Information on causes of death in HIV-infected patients in Sub-Saharan Africa is mainly derived from observational cohort and verbal autopsy studies. Autopsy is the gold standard to ascertain cause of death. ... -
Belief in divine healing can be a barrier to antiretroviral therapy adherence in Uganda
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins., 2007)Although recent data suggest high levels of adherence to expanding antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes in resource-limited settings, the culture- specific barriers to adherence are poorly understood. In a prospective ... -
Bilateral pedal edema in an HIV patient: Lopinavir/Ritonavir-containing treatment regimen as a potential cause?
(Open Learning on Enteric Pathogens, 2009-03)A large number of patients are switched to second-line antiretroviral therapy, especially in resource limited settings. Lopinavir/Ritonavir is the main drug used in second-line treatment regimens. We describe a patient ... -
Biomarkers of HIV immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
(Future Medicine, 2008)Dysregulation of the immune system drives HIV pathogenesis. As we develop new ways to treat HIV and AIDS, we encounter new clinical ramifications of our treatment on regulatory components of the Immune system. HIV-associated ... -
Bronchoalveolar lavage enzyme-linked immunospot for diagnosis of smear-negative tuberculosis in HIV infected patients
(Public Library of Science, 2012-06-26)Background: Peripheral blood interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) have sub-optimal sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). However, assessment of local immune responses has been ... -
Can response of a pruritic papular eruption to antiretroviral therapy be used as a clinical parameter to monitor virological outcome?
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008)Background: A pruritic papular eruption (PPE) is a common skin manifestation observed in 12–46% of persons with HIV infection living in tropical countries. Objective: To determine whether PPE responds to HAART and whether ... -
Cause-Specific Mortality and the Contribution of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in the First 3 Years after Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in an Urban African Cohort
(Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2009)Background. Although many studies have reported high early mortality among patients enrolled in antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs in sub-Saharan Africa—particularly among those individuals with advanced immunodeficiency— ... -
Chest radiographic findings of pulmonary tuberculosis in severely immunocompromised patients with the human immunodeficiency virus
(The British Institute of Radiology, 2012-06)Objective: We describe chest radiograph (CXR) findings in a population with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) in order to identify radiological features associated with TB; to ... -
Clinical features and serum biomarkers in HIV immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after cryptococcal meningitis: A prospective cohort study
(PLoS Medicine, 2010)Background: Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves survival in persons with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) and AIDS, ART frequently elicits HIV immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), an exaggerated and ... -
Clinical presentation and aetiologies of acute or complicated headache among HIV-seropositive patients in a Ugandan clinic
(BioMed Central, 2009)Background: We set out to define the relative prevalence and common presentations of the various aetiologies of headache within an ambulant HIV-seropositive adult population in Kampala, Uganda. Methods: We conducted a ... -
Clinical spectrum, risk factors and outcome of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients with tuberculosis-HIV coinfection
(International Medical Press, 2012)BACKGROUND: Here, we aimed to determine the clinical spectrum, predictors and outcomes of paradoxical tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in a resource-limited setting. METHODS: In a ... -
Comments on: predictors of immune recovery and the association with late mortalty while on antiretroviral treatment in Cambodia.
(Elsevier, 2012)We read with great interest the article by van Griensven and Thai, who report on the risk factors for late mortality after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in a cohort of 2840 patients in Cambodia. The main risk ... -
Cost Effectiveness of a Pharmacy-Only Refill Program in a Large Urban HIV/AIDS Clinic in Uganda
(Public Library of Science, 2011-03-28)Background: HIV/AIDS clinics in Uganda and other low-income countries face increasing numbers of patients and workforce shortages. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing a Pharmacy-only Refill Program (PRP), ...